寒区工程动荷载模型试验系统设计

寒区工程动荷载模型试验系统主要由模型试验槽、制冷及控温装置、动力加载装置、传感器和数据采集系统四部分组成．系统具有如下特点：能根据实际工程对长3m、宽2．5rn和高1m的模型试验土体进行低温动荷载试验;采用3组冷冻板给土体降温,降温速度快,能提供的最低温度为-20℃,而且能提供多组均匀、稳定的温度边界,冷冻板的温度波动...     

中东亚中全新世气候与植被反馈作用:PMIP 2多模式结果分析

文章选取了参加国际古气候模拟比较计划(Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project,简称PMIP)的6个耦合气候模式的模拟结果,着重对中全新世中东亚干旱区以及东亚季风区的夏季气候变化(气温、降水)进行分析,探讨了植被反馈作用对这3个区域中全新世气候变化的影响.由于各个模式之...     

泥沙颗粒生长生物膜后起动的实验研究——Ⅱ.起动流速计算

泥沙颗粒生长生物膜后,起动流速发生了较大变化.根据生长生物膜后的泥沙起动流速实验数据,考虑天然水体中,生物膜填充于颗粒与颗粒之间形成除水以外新的介质,将生物膜的作用模化为生物膜作用产生的粘连力,再考虑生物膜随时间变化的特性以及基底物理特性的影响等因素,结合泥沙颗粒之间由于薄膜水产生的黏结力、重力等,研究了颗粒在滑动和滚...     

宁夏水资源现状、问题及对策

宁夏地处西北内陆干旱地区,水资源极为匮乏,属于重度缺水区,从城市发展和水资源危机的角度出发对宁夏省水资源现状进行研究,以期为宁夏城市可持续发展提供依据.宁夏在开发利用中,主要存在水资源供需矛盾突出、防洪抗灾体系不完善、农村水利基础设施薄弱、水土流失、水污染等水环境问题严重、制约水利发展的体制性和机制性障碍问题还比较突出...     

基于正交设计的旱区棉花膜下滴灌最优化探究

以旱区广大群众最为关心的种植密度,滴水量,施肥量为考虑因子,将棉花单铃重,衣分,籽棉产量作为考查指标,把正交试验设计方案引入高密度棉花膜下滴管研究中.采用归一化处理不同数量级的指标,比以往单独考虑各因素对指标的作用,合理而又更加直观;同时考虑了误差对指标的影响,从而提高了F检验的灵敏度.得出了在膜下滴灌的新疆旱区,土壤...     

利用测井方法识别火山岩岩相方法

利用实际岩石薄片数据及测井数据,通过GR-TH 及GR-AC 交会图方法将松南气田营城组岩石结构划分为熔岩结构、熔结结构和凝灰结构3 种。凝灰结构和熔结结构对应爆发相,熔岩结构对应喷溢相。结合次生孔隙度的大小及岩心、录井信息对出现的6 种亚相: 热碎屑流亚相、热基浪亚相、空落亚相、上部亚相、中部亚相和下部亚相进一步划分,其结果与地质上的岩相亚相基本一致。     

中国陆地海岸线尺度效应研究(英文)

Spatial scale is a fundamental problem in Geography. Scale effect caused by fractal characteristic of coastline becomes a common focus of coastal zone managers and researchers. In this study, based on DEM and remote sensing images, multi-scale continental coastlines of China were extracted and the fractal characteristic was analyzed. The results are shown as follows. (1) The continental coastline of China fits the fractal model, and the fractal dimension is 1.195. (2) The scale effects with fractal dimensions of coastline have significant differences according to uplift and subsidence segments along the continental coastlines of China. (3) The fractal dimension of coastline has significant spatial heterogeneity according to the coastline types. The fractal dimension of sandy coastline located in Luanhe River plain is 1.109. The dimension of muddy coastline located in northern Jiangsu Plain is 1.059, while that of rocky coastline along southeastern Fujian is 1.293. (4) The length of rocky coastline is affected by scale more than that of muddy and sandy coastline. Since coastline is the conjunction of sea, land and air surface, the study of coastline scale effect is one of the scientific bases for the researches on air-sea-land interaction in multi-scales.     

山东莱州浅滩地区沉积特征与沉积作用

通过系统采集海底表层沉积样品进行粒度测试分析,对现代莱州浅滩地区的沉积类型、粒度特征、泥沙搬运方式、运移趋势及沉积动力、沉积机制进行了研究。结果表明,莱州浅滩是形成于松散碎屑堆积海岸岬角岸外的砂砾质水下沙洲／沙脊,它的形成深刻改变了浅滩地区原有的沉积动力和机制,在浅滩两侧海域各自形成了大致对称的潮余环流,分别与两个主要...     

Evolution of a coastal upwelling event during summer 2004 in the southern Taiwan Strait

A coastal upwelling event in the southern Taiwan Strait (STWS) was investigated using intensive cruise surveys (four repeated transects in a month) and satellite data in July and early August 2004.The extensive upwelling-associated surface cold water was first observed in early July (～2.0×10 4 km 2) along the STWS coast.Then,the cold surface water reduced in size by ～50% with decreased chlorophyll concentrations after 15 days,indicating the weakening of the upwelling event.At the end of July,the cold surface water disappeared.The temporal variations of the surface cold water and the 3-D hydrography around Dongshan Island are thought to be mainly attributed to the weakened upwelling-favorable southwestern wind,the asymmetric spatial structure of the wind field and the intrusion of warm water from the northern South China Sea.     

几株真菌对铊吸附作用的初步研究

铊是13种优先控制的有毒有害重金属元素之一,研究微生物与铊之间的相互作用有重要的理论意义和应用价值。在黔西南滥木厂铊矿区采集土壤和沉积物,借助平板筛选法在铊浓度为1000 mg/L水平筛选得到九株高耐受性菌株,用于真菌对铊的胞外吸附作用实验,并采用液体发酵法考察真菌对铊的胞外吸附作用,实验设计了1000 mg/L、1200 mg/L和1500mg/L三种铊处理水平,借助ICP-MS检测分析样品的铊含量,以此计算吸附效率。结果表明,三种处理水平中,真菌菌株对铊的吸附效率为4.63%~16.89%,且随着环境中铊浓度的上升,菌丝体(或菌丝球)生物量明显减少,导致吸附效率的下降;真菌对常量元素如钙、钠、钾的吸附与对铊的吸附呈显著正相关。这表明真菌细胞对钙、钾的吸附方式可能与对铊的吸附方式类似。