南海东北部内潮的模态结构和传播

The evolution of energy, energy flux and modal structure of the internal tides(ITs) in the northeastern South China Sea is examined using the measurements at two moorings along a cross-slope section from the deep continental slope to the shallow continental shelf. The energy of both diurnal and semidiurnal ITs clearly shows a～14-day spring-neap cycle, but their phases lag that of barotropic tides, indicating that ITs are not generated on the continental slope. Observations of internal tidal energy flux suggest that they may be generated at the Luzon Strait and propagate west-northwest to the continental slope in the northwestern SCS. Because the continental slope is critical-supercritical with respect to diurnal ITs, about 4.6 kJ/m~2 of the incident energy and 8.7 kW/m of energy flux of diurnal ITs are reduced from the continental slope to the continental shelf. In contrast, the semidiurnal internal tides enter the shelf because of the sub-critical topography with respect to semidiurnal ITs.From the continental slope to the shelf, the vertical structure of diurnal ITs shows significant variation, with dominant Mode 1 on the deep slope and dominant higher modes on the shelf. On the contrary, the vertical structure of the semidiurnal ITs is stable, with dominant Mode 1.     

上层海洋对台风"凯萨娜"(2009)的响应特征

本文利用多源卫星遥感数据和Argo浮标数据对2009年台风"凯萨娜"过后,南海上层海洋的物理和生态响应特征进行了分析。结果表明,"凯萨娜"引起的上升流流速最大可以达到1.6×10~(–3)m/s,台风过后,海表面温度(SST)下降显著,最大降温幅度可以达到6℃,海表面高度降低,先前存在的中尺度冷涡进一步加强。台风过后,沿着台风路径,叶绿素浓度升高,最大值可以达到2 mg/m~3以上,初级生产力升高到台风过境前的5倍。SST的最大降温中心与海面高度下降区域以及叶绿素浓度升高的区域一致。Argo数据表明台风诱发了强烈的垂向混合和艾克曼泵吸,不同位置处,垂向混合和艾克曼泵吸的强度不一样。通过混合和泵吸过程,台风可以把海洋内部的营养盐输送到海洋表层,对整个南海的物理和生态过程有重要影响。     

海域无人机全景监视监测技术及其应用

为充分利用先进设备和技术,提高我国海域使用动态监管水平,文章介绍无人机全景技术及其作业流程,并分析大笔架山海域无人机全景监视监测实例。研究结果表明:目前全景图主要利用普通相机拍摄的照片经专业图像软件后期处理生成,在多个行业领域应用,结合无人机的利用可大大扩展视野,具有快速高效、安全可靠和操作简便等优势,但在测量、自动化和视距等方面仍存在局限性;无人机全景图作业主要包括方案制订、数据获取、数据处理和图像发布4个步骤;海域无人机全景监视监测工作的开展为大笔架山海域使用动态监管提供有力的数据支撑。     

深圳杨梅坑海域造礁石珊瑚共生藻分类和遗传多样性研究

通过核糖体ITS(Internal Transcribed Spacer)的核苷酸序列研究了深圳杨梅坑海域20种47个造礁石珊瑚样本的共生藻。通过ITS序列分析,与GenBank上的4种不同的共生藻构建Neighbor-Joining聚类树,进行石珊瑚共生藻分类和遗传多样性分析。结果表明,该海域的造礁石珊瑚共生藻属于2种不同的种类(亚系群),19个样品属于C1亚系群共生藻,1个样品属于C15亚系群共生藻,C1和C15两个亚系群共生藻之间的遗传距离为0. 01。将深圳杨梅坑海域得到的ITS序列与NCBI数据库上的福建东山海域、广东徐闻地区的C1系共生藻进行比对,只有深圳杨梅坑海域藻类样本平均(A+T)碱基含量为49. 4%,(A+T)含量小于(G+C)含量。构建Neighbor-Joining聚类树表明,深圳杨梅坑海域石珊瑚共生藻与福建东山海域的亲缘关系较近,而与广东徐闻地区的亲缘关系较远,地理隔离是主要的因素。     

Opportunistic-tended life history traits of Siniperca kneri in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China: potential responses to impoundment

Reservoir impoundment changes original fluvial habitats into lentic environments. Fish species adapted to lentic habitats may take the advantage of such habitat changes and show typical life history traits might facilitate the population increase. Siniperca kneri rarely occurred in fishery landing in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area before its impoundment in 2003, but it is now a dominant species. In this study, a total of 438 females of S . kneri were collected monthly during September 2012 through January 2014 using gill nets in the TGR. The age, growth, and reproductive biology were then investigated, and compared with other S . kneri populations. The standard length at age 1 was 149.9 mm in the TGR, which is larger than the three compared populations (i.e., Sandaohe Reservoir, Xinfengjiang Reservoir, and North River), but smaller than one (the Guishi Reservoir). The youngest mature female in the TGR was age 1, which is younger than that of the two compared populations (i.e., Xinfengjiang Reservoir and the North River). The relative fecundity in the TGR was 140 eggs/g, which is higher than that of the only available compared population (Xinfengjiang Reservoir, 96 eggs/g). Our results demonstrated that S . kneri in the TGR tended to have faster growth in the first year, a younger age at first maturation, and higher reproductive eff ort. We suggest that such opportunistic-tended life history traits might facilitate rapid increase of the population.     

面向双/多变量的连续面域拓扑图可视化方法

面域拓扑图是一种利用区域面积大小定量表达区域属性信息的可视化方法。由于其区域面积本身已经表示某一变量,因此这更有利于双/多变量的制图表达。针对目前基于面域拓扑图的双/多变量表达方法中存在的难以表达相邻区域之间基本状况和不利于不同地理现象的空间分布规律及差异表达的问题,本文提出一种面向双/多变量的连续面域拓扑图可视化方法。首先通过格网密度补偿和积分步长逐步试探的方法对基于扩散模型的连续面域拓扑图生成算法进行部分优化,完成基本变量的表达,然后分别通过空间内插和符号扩展完成第2和第3变量在连续面域拓扑图中的表达。最后以慕尼黑市人口密度和银行/ATM分布(双变量)数据以及奥格斯堡市人口密度数据、幼儿园分布以及规模数据(多变量)为试验数据进行可视化,并通过实证分析验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

Identification of dissolved and particulate carbonyl compounds produced by marine harmful algal bloom species

Carbonyl compounds, especially polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), are increasingly reported as teratogenic to grazers and deleterious to phytoplankton. While PUAs have been considered to be mainly produced by diatoms after cell wounding, little is known about whether microalgae other than diatoms, particularly harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming species, produce carbonyl compounds. In this study, we analyzed the carbonyl compounds from eight common HAB-forming species ( Akashiwo sanguinea , Karenia mikimotoi , Karlodinium venefi cum , Margalefi dinium polykrikoides , Prorocentrum donghaiense , P . minimum , Scrippsiella trochoidea , and Heterosigma akashiwo ) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in full scan and selected ion monitoring (SIM) modes. Our results show a ubiquitous presence of carbonyl compounds in both dissolved and particulate forms in all species we examined. In the full scan mode, 133 chromatographic peaks were detected from 51 samples altogether. Both the varieties of carbonyl compounds and their quantities were algal species dependent, although most of the carbonyl compounds could not be fully identifi ed according to the mass spectral database only due to the unavailability of enough standards for all analytes. Aided with nine standards in SIM mode, we further identifi ed and quantifi ed all nine aldehydes (2-methyl-2-pentenal, trans-2-nonenal, cis-6-nonenal, 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal, trans-2-hexenal, trans-2- decenal, 2,4-heptadienal, trans-trans-2,4-octadienal, and trans-trans-2,4-decadienal). Four of these nine aldehydes were detected in particulate form, which confi rmed that trans-2-nonenal could be produced by K . mikimotoi , Karl . venefi cum , P . donghaiense , P . minimum , S . trochoidea , and H . akashiwo , 2,4-heptadienal and trans-trans-2,4-decadienal by A . sanguinea , M . polykrikoides , and S . trochoidea , and trans, trans-2,4- octadienal by S . trochoidea , respectively. We proved that some dinofl agellate and raphidophyte species could contribute to the pool of carbonyl compounds including PUAs in a marine ecosystem. Some carbonyl compounds, particularly those in high cell quota and/or dissolved concentration, may be related to fi shkilling or allelopathy which needs further identifi cation and quantifi cation.     

GF-3全极化影像在地表浅覆盖区进行地质构造解译的新方法

地质构造信息对地质矿产调查具有重要意义,野外实测和光学遥感等常规手段在一些地表浅覆盖区获取的地质构造信息十分有限,而合成孔径雷达(SAR)对地表具有一定的穿透性,在探测地表浅层覆盖区域的地质构造特征中具有独特优势。利用高分三号(GF-3)全极化影像,在典型的地表浅层覆盖区域,开展了断裂构造等信息的解译探索,提出了一种地表浅覆盖区域地质构造解译的新方法。首先对西藏改则、林芝、贵阳、北京千家店等4个研究区内的断裂构造和环带构造进行分析;接着,提出了GF-3全极化影像用于浅覆盖区地质解译的处理流程,通过引入DEM数据对GF-3影像进行地形校正,充分利用微地形微地貌特征,并采用不同极化方式的RGB合成,增强了影像的判读性,并进行地质构造解译;最后,将解译结果与1∶5万实测数据进行对比,断层的位置和方向与实测结果基本一致,同时获取了大量野外实测未能探明的浅覆盖层以下的断层信息,进一步丰富了研究区的地质构造信息。结果表明,GF-3全极化影像可用于浅覆盖区的地质构造解译,并且具有野外实测和光学遥感等常规手段所不能替代的独特优势。     

山东省地下水环境演化规律

地下水环境演化是地下水系统在自然因素和人为因素影响下,发生在地质环境空间内质与量的变化过程和结果。在自然因素中地理、地质等条件可视为基本不变,最主要的是气候条件的变化,而大气降水又是气候条件中最为活跃的因子,其余如温度、风速虽也影响水分的蒸发,但年际变化不如降水大,故以狭义的降水来代表广义的气候条件。人类工程活动因素则主要是抽取地下水和污染物排放,这些因素的变化最终导致的是地下水动力场和化学场的变化。人类工程活动主要是抽取地下水和污染物排放,这些因素变化最终导致的是地下水动力场和化学场的变化。基于这一观点,以1978年为基准年,通过地下水动力场和化学场演化研究结果,采用"地下水环境演化综合指数法",对全省地下水环境演化程度进行综合评价,划分出"优向演化区、波动平衡区、劣向演化区",是对近30多年来人类工程活动影响下,山东省地下水环境演化规律的系统总结。     

内蒙古沙巴尔吐地区中二叠世蛇绿构造混杂岩及同期花岗质杂岩的发现及地质意义

中亚造山带东段内蒙古兴安盟扎赉特旗地区作为二连-贺根山断裂的东延部分,蕴含了古亚洲洋俯冲消亡过程及洋-陆转换的关键信息,然而对于该区蛇绿构造混杂岩的研究相对薄弱,成为制约古亚洲洋构造演化研究的瓶颈.本文在扎赉特旗沙巴尔吐地区发现了蛇绿构造混杂岩、与岛弧环境相关的英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩组合.对蛇绿构造混杂岩中...