基于时空影响因子的未来社区生活圈公共服务设施优化配置北大核心CSCD

公共服务设施作为社区生活圈的核心内容,直接决定了社区生活圈的生活品质。对社区公共服务设施建设情况进行量化评价,并对设施建设的未来规划提供科学决策支持逐渐成为规划者和决策者的一大难题。本文通过ArcGIS工具对POI数据进行处理、统计和可视化,在总结他人社区生活圈量化评价方法的基础上,结合温州本地特色,搭建了一套社区生活圈公共服务设施评价模型。利用该模型可对各类社区进行综合评分和分级,并根据模型评分结果挖掘公共服务设施未来优化方向。此外,还实现了社区生活圈评分的动态计算与展示,为社区服务设施建设选址、路网建设与公共服务设施建设优先级评定等提供决策支持。既可帮助规划者和决策者快速建立对整个区域生活圈建设现状的量化认知,又可助力公共服务设施的优化配置,为社区生活圈公共服务品质评价与提升探寻全新的思路与方法。     

GNSS约束的MERSI/FY-3A PWV校准方法EI北大核心CSCD

精确的水汽信息对于短临天气预警和长期气候监测具有重要意义。本文针对搭载在我国第2代极轨卫星风云三号A星(FY-3A)上中分辨率光谱成像仪(medium-resolution spectral imager,MERSI)获取水汽精度较低的现状,提出一种GNSS约束的MERSI/FY-3A PWV校准方法。首先,对MERSI/FY-3A的PWV段产品进行处理得到水汽日产品,并利用GNSS和无线电探空(radiosonde,RS)数据对其进行评估;然后,根据PWV的季节分布特性,构建GNSS约束的MERSI/FY-3A PWV季节自适应校准模型;最后,分别利用GNSS、RS和再分析资料对校准后的MERSI/FY-3A水汽进行对比,验证提出方法的有效性。研究表明:本文提出的PWV校准方法,能够有效改善MERSI/FY-3A水汽日产品和旬产品的精度,改善率分别为58.63%和68.72%。该方法可为遥感水汽快速校准研究提供重要的理论依据。     

深度学习支持下的地图图片典型地理目标检测

针对地图图片中典型地理目标识别问题,本文首先介绍了两种基于深度学习的目标检测方法(YOLO网络和采用focal loss替换交叉熵损失函数的RetinaNet网络),然后将地图图片分别输入两种神经网络模型中进行训练和测试,最后对目标检测结果进行对比分析。结果表明,RetinaNet网络模型对地图图片进行目标检测的准确率有明显提高,且运行速度依然可达秒级。该地理目标检测方法的高准确度与高效性可在地图审查时节约大量人力、时间成本,为地图内容智能理解及互联网地图监管提供了新的技术参考。     

冀中坳陷东北部石炭-二叠系烃源岩热史及成熟史模拟

石炭-二叠系煤成气藏是冀中坳陷东北部亟待突破的勘探领域。文中基于大量的钻井、测井、地球化学和古地温资
料,分别模拟构建了大城凸起、文安斜坡和武清凹陷的埋藏史和考虑岩浆热液侵入作用的热演化史。研究结果表明冀中坳
陷东北部石炭-二叠系地层总体上经历了“三沉两抬”的构造演化过程,在印支运动前全区具有近似的演化历史,印支
期、燕山期区内构造演化开始分异,至新生代形成总体“东隆西坳”的构造格局。区内烃源岩热演化包括一次生烃和二次
生烃,并可细分为长期隆升型、后期强烈沉降深成变质型和岩浆热变质型三种类型。一次成烃主要发生在三叠系末期,二
次成烃分别在新近纪和古近纪岩浆侵入期。区内斜坡浅部和隆起区一次成烃,斜坡和凹陷深部为后期强烈沉降深成变质二
次成烃、斜坡和凸起岩浆热液侵入区发生岩浆热变质二次成烃。一次成烃期Ro 值在0.7%左右,不具成藏潜力,二次成烃
期烃源岩可达高熟、过熟阶段,成藏配置条件好,成藏潜力巨大。     

Controlling Factors,Accumulation Model and Target Zone Prediction of the Coal‐bed Methane in the Huanghebei Coalfield,North China

The Huanghebei Coalfield, one of the coal production bases in North China, was considered as a coalfield without coal‐bed methane (CBM) during past decades. In recent years, however, CBM has been discovered in coal‐bearing successions. In order to understand the CBM geological characteristics and accumulation process in this area, fifteen coal samples were collected and analyzed with respect to coal maceral and reflectance. The result shows that the gas distribution is uneven and the content varies in different areas even for the same coal bed. The storage of CBM is affected by geological factors such as burial depth, geological structures, and magmatic intrusion, among which the former two are more important in the formation of CBM. Deep burial of coal beds with the presence of cap‐rock mudstone can seal CBM. The CBM is also accumulated and preserved at the place where normal faults are distributed. Magmatic intrusion causes contact metamorphism and controls the CBM formation by heating the coal‐bearing successions. The obtained data indicate the geological conditions in northeastern Zhaoguan Mine are preferable for CBM formation and conservation; recent exploration estimates the CBM geological reserves up to 282.16 Mm³ and average of reserve abundance at 0.1662 × 10⁸ m³ km^?2. The Changqing Mine is a potential prospect in terms of CBM exploration since its geological conditions (structures and burial depth) are similar to the Zhaoguan Mine and its cap rock is even better.     

沁水盆地煤层气成藏主控因素与成藏模式分析

沁水盆地石炭-二叠系煤层厚度大、分布稳定、演化程度高,具有良好的煤层气勘探潜力,是目前国内首个成功商业化开发的煤层气盆地。基于研究区已有地质成果,对影响沁水盆地煤层气富集成藏的主控地质因素与成藏模式进行分析,认为构造运动、水动力条件、煤层埋深、煤岩组成及热演化程度是控制沁水盆地煤层气成藏的主要地质因素,高镜质组含量、高热演化程度、弱水动力条件和较大的埋深是煤层气成藏的有利条件,向斜是煤层气富集成藏的有利部位。     

A developed technique for measuring water content in oil-contaminated porous media

Water content is an important physical parameter for soil, vadose zone, and porous aquifer. Accurate measurement of water content in oil-contaminated porous media is critical for the research on oil pollution process and remediation in soil and groundwater systems. In this study, an improved water content calculation formula for oil-contaminated porous media was proposed based on the theory of oven-drying method, and laboratory experiments were conducted to test the applicability and accuracy of the formula for several types of manually prepared oil-contaminated porous media with different water contents. Furthermore, the measuring method and calculation formula, which can be used to determine the water content of porous media sampled from the oil-contaminated sites, were proposed for the first time in this study based on the improved formula. The experimental results showed that the improved formula was very accurate when used to calculate the water contents of diesel-contaminated sand, gasoline-contaminated mild clay, and engine oil-contaminated sand, indicating that it was widely applicable to oils with different volatile ability as well as porous media with different texture. This study meets the urgent need for accurate determination of water content in oil-contaminated porous media, and it solves the technical problem that the existing water content measuring methods cannot be applied directly in the field study.     

Spatial evaluation of phosphorus retention in riparian zones using remote sensing data

Riparian zones act as important buffer zones for non-point source pollution, thus improving the health of aquatic ecosystems. Previous research has shown that riparian zones play an important role, and that land use has an important effect, on phosphorus (P) retention. A spatial basin-scale approach for analyzing P retention and land use effects could be important in preventing pollution in riparian zones. In this study, a riparian phosphorus cycle model based on EcoHAT was generated with algorithms from soil moisture and heat models, simplified soil and plant phosphorus models, plant growth models, and universal soil loss equations. Based on remote sensing data, model performance was enhanced for spatial and temporal prediction of P retention in the riparian zone. A modified soil and plant P model was used to simulate the soil P cycle of a riparian zone in a temperate continental monsoon climate in northern China. A laboratory experiment and a field experiment were conducted to validate the P cycle model. High coefficients of determination (R ²) between simulated and observed values indicate that the model provides reliable results. P uptake variations were the same as the net primary productivity (NPP) trends, which were affected by soil temperature and moisture in the temperate continental monsoon climate. Beginning in June, the monthly content increased, with the maximum appearing in August, when the most precipitation and the highest temperatures occur. The spatial distribution of P uptake rates from March to September showed that areas near water frequently had relatively high values from May to August, which is contrary to results obtained in March, April, and September. The P uptake amounts for different land uses changed according to expectation. The average monthly P uptake rates for farmlands and grasslands were more than those for orchards and lowlands, which had moderate P uptake rates, followed by shrubs and forests. The spatial distribution of soil erosion demonstrated that the soil erosion came primarily from high-intensity agricultural land in the western and central areas, while the northern and eastern study regions, which were less affected by human activity, experienced relatively slight soil erosion. From the point of view of P pollution prevention, the spatial structure of riparian zones and the spatial distribution of land use around the Guanting reservoir are thus not favorable.     

基于土地发展权的历史文化遗迹所在地区农地保护策略探究

目前我国历史文化遗迹所在地区开发用地失控的原因,从体制方面讲,乃是由于规制手段不够健全、管理体制不够顺畅、城镇化和旅游经济发展进程的阶段性等问题所致;从微观经济层面而言,还在于农民缺乏保护农地的经济诱因、农地转向开发用地收益更高、相关利益集团的势力影响等因素在起作用,故而农地流转成开发用地不可避免。所以应当借鉴海外土地发展权制度,在历史文化遗迹所在地区内落实土地发展权的补偿机制,对开发用地实行有效的管制。具体来说,应当从法律上明确土地发展权的地位,将农地保护与当地的经济社会发展有机协调起来,推行土地使用管制,建立完善土地发展权交易机制,同时有效控制农地流转为开发用地的隐性交易行为。     

Magnetic properties of airborne particulate matter in Shanghai during dust storm events and the implications for heavy metal contaminant sources

Airborne particulate samples (including dust storm period samples) were collected from the Putuo, Qingpu and Minhang districts of Shanghai city from October, 2009 to October, 2010, and also tracked the dust transporting pathways from NW (Northwest) to SE (Southeast) including the cities of Xi’an, Beijing, Zhengzhou and Nantong, as a means of sampling the dust storm particulate matter in the spring of 2010. After measuring the magnetic parameters and the concentrations of particles and heavy metals, their magnetic properties were analyzed to track the source locations of heavy metal pollution during dust storm events, and then combined for backward trajectory analysis. It was found that the slightly polluted dust particles carried many contaminants during dust storm periods when the dust palls were transported by winter monsoon winds from the NW desert region towards the SE. The contaminants were further increased by contributions of fine SP&SD grains derived from local automobile exhausts in Shanghai as well as being enriched also in Northern cities during non-dust storm periods. A significantly positive linear relation was found between the χ_lf and SIRM of loess and the storm dust, indicating a similar material source for these two kinds of samples. A higher χ_lf and SIRM in storm dust content compared to loess suggests that storm dust contains not only materials from natural sources, but also those from partly anthropogenic sources. Backward trajectory analysis indicates intuitively the source region of the Shanghai storm dust. These conclusions have important scientific significance for research on long-distance transportation of contaminants (such as heavy metals) adsorbed onto airborne particulate matter during dust storm events.