宿迁地震台地震监测能力分析

根据宿迁地震台地震计和数采参数、台站背景噪声等数据,结合历史地震观测数据,运用统计学计算方法,计算宿迁地震台地震监测能力。结果认为:宿迁地震台短周期台基背景噪声较大,微小地震监测能力较弱,但基本可以监测到M_L 2.0地方震,也可监测到150 km范围内周边城市M_L 2.5地震。     

长沙城市化进程对局地气候的影响

利用1961—2010年湖南省长沙及周边郊县共5个气象站的逐日气温、降水和相对湿度观测数据,在对各气象要素资料序列进行均一性检验和订正的基础上,以郊县站作为背景场,系统地分析了长沙城市化不同阶段对城市气候的影响。结果表明:受城市化的影响,近50年长沙市区地面气温及其上升速率远高于郊县的,城市热岛效应明显,热岛效应对市区年平均气温的增温贡献率达30%,且主要出现在20世纪90年代之后,四季中城市化贡献率的最大值出现在夏季,秋季和春季的次之,冬季的最小。50年来长沙市区和郊县年降水量差值序列呈显著增加趋势,长沙城市雨岛效应较为显著,且主要发生在春季和夏季,城市化带来的雨岛效应加速了长沙降水结构两极分化,使城市内涝发生的概率进一步增大。50年来长沙市区和郊县年平均相对湿度及其差值的变化趋势均不显著,就全年平均而言,长沙的城市干岛效应并不明显,但近20年来干岛效应显著增强;分季节来看,近50年干岛效应主要发生在夏季。     

海南岛博鳌港沉积物的沿岸输送

分析了博港沿岸沉积牧粒度参数的沿岸变化，并应用沉积物粒径趋势分析模型（GSTA模型）对沉积物运动趋势进行了分析。GSTA模型结果表明，博鳌港沿岸的泥沙在横向上表现为：万泉河口以北岸段为由海向岸运动，近期处于淤积状态；万泉河口以南岸段即玉带滩大致以NNE走向到NE走向的转折点为界，北部主要是由岸向海运动，是侵蚀岸段，而南部则主要为由海向岸运动，有少量的淤积，博鳌港沿岸泥沙输送在纵向上表现为：万泉河口以北由南向北运动，万泉河口以南，北部是由北向南运动，南部是由南向北运动，其次还运用了经验公式对GSTA结果进行了验证，得到了通过万泉河口南部（玉带滩）3个断面的沿岸漂沙量，其沿岸漂沙方向主要为南北向，以上两种分析方法得出的结果和当地的许多地貌证据基本符合，而GSTA模型在玉带滩北部泥沙纵向输运方向与经验公式计算结果所表现出的一些差异，主要是由于研究时间尺度和所用的资料特征的差异性造成的。     

辽东岫岩地区下古生界碎屑锆石定年:罗迪尼亚和冈瓦纳超大陆在华北遗留的痕迹？

超大陆演化是地质研究的重要内容,华北克拉通与不同地质历史时期超大陆汇聚与裂解的联系对反演华北克拉通构造演化历史具有重要意义。本文在辽吉古元古代造山带中段的原划分为辽河群地层中首次识别出一套早古生代沉积建造。这套沉积建造与华北克拉通以浅海相的碳酸盐岩为主的早古生代沉积并不一致,以发育大量的陆源碎屑沉积为特征。我们对2件细砂岩分别进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS和SHRIMP U-Pb定年。定年结果显示,2件样品的最小年龄分别为~482Ma和~498Ma,反映了它们的最大沉积时代。2件样品的碎屑锆石年龄主要介于1600~500Ma,缺乏亲华北的物源信息,表明它们的物源主要来自于华北之外。2件样品年龄谱中最重要的峰值出现在格林威尔期和泛非期,表明华北克拉通曾与罗迪尼亚超大陆和冈瓦纳大陆存在联系。格林威尔期碎屑锆石可能来自于罗迪尼亚超大陆时期波罗地古陆物质在华北克拉通东缘的再循环;泛非期碎屑锆石可能来自于东冈瓦纳大陆的北缘造山带。

     

葛洲坝红色岩体地质构造特征与岩体强度特性

本文利用岩体力学与地质力学相结合的理论和方法,对葛洲坝红色岩体的地质构造特征与岩体力学特性之间的关系进行了研究,获得了该岩体强度特性及其形成机理。提出了地质构造形迹是构成工程岩体力学问题和形成岩体特性的一个重要因素。本文所采取的研究途径和研究结果,对于岩体工程实践和岩体力学理论研究具有重要意义。     

晴隆锑矿床中萤石的稀土元素特征及其指示意义

本文系统地研究了黔西南晴隆锑矿床中萤石的稀土元素地球化学,表明不同颜色、不同矿物组合的萤石的稀土元素含量变化较大,但具有固定的REE分配模式,以明显的负Ce异常、富MREE、分配曲线相对平缓为特征;这种配分模式主要是受其晶体化学因素的控制,而与溶液中REE络合物的稳定性关系不大。萤石的稀土元素组成与其矿物共生组合关系不大,但与其颜色关系较密切。萤石的Ce、Eu异常主要是受氧逸度的控制,流体源区的氧逸度较高,矿物沉淀场所的氧逸度相对较低,从而导致该矿中萤石呈明显的负Ce异常,或正或负的Eu异常。晴隆锑矿床形成于开放体系条件下,水/岩反应很可能是导致萤石发生沉淀的主要机制。萤石中的Ca部分来自茅口组灰岩,部分来自大厂层玄武岩;而矿化剂F可能主要来自外部。     

Temporal and spatial characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in the Wujiang River,Southwest China

River systems play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Rivers transport carbon to the ocean and also affect the carbon cycle in the coastal ocean. The flux from land to the ocean is thought to be a very important part of the land carbon budget. To investigate the effect of dam-building on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in rivers, three reservoirs of different trophic states in the Wujiang basin, Guizhou Province, were sampled twice per month between May 2011 and May 2012. Temporal and spatial distributions of DOC in the reservoirs and their released waters were studied. It was found that different factors controlled DOC in river water, reservoir water, and released water. DOC in the rivers tended to be affected by primary production. For reservoirs, the main controlling factors of DOC concentration varied by trophic state. For the mesotrophic Hongjiadu Reservoir, the effect of primary production on DOC concentration was obvious. For the eutrophic Dongfengdu Reservoir and the hypereutrophic Wujiangdu Reservoir, primary production was not significant and DOC came instead from soil and plant litter.     

某岩溶区公路岩土滑坡形成机理与治理

灰岩区复杂的岩体和土体条件引发频繁的滑坡,严重影响了岩溶区高速公路的建设和运营。以某高速工程典型的岩土双区滑坡为例,进行岩溶区滑坡机理研究,结果表明,岩土体及地形是内因,路堑开挖是外因,强降雨是诱因,滑坡机制概括为开挖应力释放—降雨推移（Ⅰ区土体）—牵引（Ⅱ区岩体）。通过极限平衡法的滑坡稳定性分析,卸载后滑坡达到了基本稳定,但是在降雨工况下,滑坡依然处于不稳定状态。针对这种滑坡特殊成因,采用以抗滑桩为主的综合分区治理滑坡方案,处治效果良好,具有降低造价,加快施工进度等优势。     

Effects of vegetation restoration on soil physical properties of abandoned farmland on the Loess Plateau,China

To improve the ecological environment in China, the Chinese government implemented a country-wide ecological protection and reforestation project (namely the “Grain for Green Project”) in 1999 to return cultivated land with slopes of 25° or more to perennial vegetation. Vegetation restoration reduces soil erosion mainly by changing the soil physical properties. Different vegetation restoration methods might produce different impacts on soil physical properties. In this study, two vegetation restoration methods (i.e., natural restoration and artificial restoration) were compared on abandoned farmland in the typically hilly and gullied areas of the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. In the natural restoration method, the farmland was abandoned to natural vegetation succession without irrigation, fertilization or other artificial disturbances. In the artificial restoration method, the farmland was planted with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and watered and cultivated for the first two years. Three soil physical properties (i.e., soil moisture, bulk density and aggregation) were investigated under the two vegetation restoration methods. The results showed that the soil moisture and soil bulk density were higher under artificial restoration than under natural restoration within the first three years of vegetation restoration. By the fourth year, the soil moisture and soil bulk density were higher under natural restoration than under artificial restoration. For the stability of soil aggregates?>?0.25 mm, the soil aggregates in the 0-20 cm soil layer were more stable under artificial restoration than under natural restoration, while the results were the opposite for the 40-60 cm soil layer. Overall, the soil physical properties were continuously improved during the restoration of vegetation on abandoned farmland. In choosing between vegetation restoration methods, natural restoration is preferable to artificial restoration, but artificial intervention is needed during the first three years.     

北京市长安街沿线的扒窃案件高发区分析及防控对策

本文利用空间分析方法,对北京市长安街沿线的扒窃类案件的空间分布特征进行了研究。首先分析了长安街沿线的犯罪分布状况,发现该长安街沿线共存在3个异常明显的犯罪高发区域,分别对应于西单商业圈(A)、建国门路段(B)和大望路—四惠路段(C),通过将长安街沿线的常住人口与兴趣点(Point of Interest, POI)分布进行比较,发现案件与POI密度较高的区域存在较高的相关性。随后,利用核密度估计方法和时空热点矩阵方法分析了3个异常明显的案件高发区域内的犯罪活动时空分布模式,结果表明：高发区域A的犯罪高发时段为上午10时至下午18时,其中峰值出现在正午12时,犯罪活动主要集中在区域内的一些大型购物场所内;高发区域B和C的犯罪高发时间均为上午6时和下午18时前后,与早晚交通高峰时间比较一致,犯罪活动主要集中在区域内比较重要的公共交通站点附近。最后,根据长安街沿线案件高发区域内犯罪活动的时空规律性特征,提出了犯罪防控措施与建议。