M2分潮对夏季长江冲淡水扩展影响的数值研究

利用σ坐标系下的斜压浅涨环流模式,研究Ｍ２分潮对夏季长江冲淡不扩展的影响,在“准定常流”作用下,模拟出能反映夏季长江冲水火水扩展的盐度场,并模拟出与黄、东海实测资料相符的Ｍ２分潮。在此基础上,用两种方案讨论Ｍ２分潮对冲淡水的影响。第一种方案,仅考虑Ｍ２分潮,计算它对冲淡水扩展的影响,第二种方案,将Ｍ２分潮和“准定常流”耦合,计算冲淡水的变化,结果表明,Ｍ２分潮对冲淡水扩展有一定影响,其中包括潮混合     

POM模式边界条件的数值试验及其在环台湾岛海域风生流模拟中的应用

通过一个数值试验，对运用POM模式做风生流模拟时边界条件的选取方案做了初步的讨论。试验表明，POM“外模式”采用辐射边条件、“内模式”采用辐射方案的改进形式是一种可行的方法：如果用水位作为控制条件，也可以使用辐射边条件。文章同时给出了环台湾岛海域冬、夏风季生流的模拟结果。     

响应面法优化产琼胶酶南极菌Pseudoalteromonassp. NJ21的发酵条件

采用响应面法对1株高产琼胶酶的南极海冰菌Pseudoalteromonassp. NJ21的发酵条件进行优化。首先分别以温度、pH、不同碳源、不同氮源、不同金属离子作为唯一变量进行单因素实验, 筛选出对酶活有显著影响的单因素取值范围; 参考单因素实验结果, 采用Plackett-Burman实验设计筛选出影响酶活主要因素, 再利用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析以确定最佳发酵条件。结果表明, D-甘露糖、蛋白胨、CaCl2和培养温度与酶活存在着显著的相关性, 通过求解回归方程得到Pseudoalteromonassp. NJ21的最佳培养基组成为D-甘露糖5.52g/L; 蛋白胨7.4g/L; CaCl25.84mmol/L; 最佳发酵温度为15℃; 优化后发酵液中琼胶酶酶活由3.5U/mL提高到25.76U/mL, 比优化前提高了6.36倍。     

天津近岸台风暴潮漫滩数值模式研究

基于对POM(Princeton Ocean Model)模式的改进,采用Flather-Heaps干湿网格法和两重网格嵌套的数值计算格式,针对天津近岸海域的地形和易受风暴潮漫滩灾害侵袭的特点,建立了天津近岸海域三维动边界风暴潮漫滩模型,对天津近岸区域台风影响下的风暴潮漫滩进行了数值模拟研究。选取7203,8509,9216,9711号典型台风过程,计算了风暴潮漫滩水位变化,通过与塘沽站点实测数据的比较,计算的增水曲线过程与实测结果吻合较好,基本能够真实反映天津近岸的风暴潮水位变化情况及漫滩范围。研究结果验证了改进POM模式为动边界数值模型并应用于浅海区域是可行性的。     

铜对海洋生物毒理学研究进展及展望

铜元素是人类和海洋生物必需的微量金属元素之一,对于海洋生物的生命活动具有重要意义,但过量的铜也对海洋生物造成危害.本文归纳了近几年国内外学者采用不同铜源对海洋生物的毒性毒理机制研究的相关资料和实验结果;总结了海洋生态水环境、养殖环境等标准中铜元素的限量以及检测方法;并在主要海洋生物的生长繁殖和富集过程生理生化指标的影响...     

森林防火地理信息系统的设计与开发

将GIS技术应用于森林防火,实现了C/S与B/S相混合的森林防火信息监测模式。以湖北森林防火系统为例,给出了系统软件结构、功能实现及数据库的设计,为实现基于GIS的森林防火系统提供参考。通过系统运行过程中的数据采集、历史数据累积,可以实现森林防火数据的分析、挖掘,为有效防治森林火灾提供重要途径。     

Two Species of Zosterophyllum from South China and Dating of the Xujiachong Formation with a Biostratigraphic Method

Zosterophyllum longa sp.nov.is reported from the Lower Devonian Pingyipu Formation, Jiangyou District,northern Sichuan of China.This new plant has vertically elongate sporangia differing from all known species of Zosterophyllum,demonstrating morphological variations in Zosterophyllophytina.New materials of Zosterophyllum yunnanicum from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation,Qujing District,eastern Yunnan of China show that fertile axes of this species are anisotomous or pseudomonopodial or K-shaped in branching.Sometimes fertile lateral axes are very short and bear an axUlary axis at the dividing point.Distinct thickening occurs along the whole margin of a sporangium,with sporangial lobes undeveloped.The evolution of Zosterophyllum is tentatively discussed.A biostratigraphic method of Gerrienne and Streel is introduced and applied to dating of the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation,which is considered as of the late Pragian-early Emsian.     

Feasibility of grain-size analysis methods for determination of vertical hydraulic conductivity of streambeds

Accurate estimation of streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity (K_v) is of great importance in the analysis of water quantity exchange and solute transfer between a stream and its sediments. The paper analyzed the inaccuracy of hydraulic conductivity values of sediments derived from grain-size distribution (K_g), which were determined from eight empirical grain-size methods to represent streambed K_v. In this study, the values of K_v for a streambed were derived using falling-head standpipe permeameter tests conducted at eight study sites in the Elkhorn River, Nebraska, and the tested streambed columns were then collected for grain-size analysis by sieving. These empirical methods were used to calculate the K_g values of the streambed from grain-size distribution data of sediments. Unlike many other studies, this study verifies K_g from grain-size distribution with K_v from permeameter tests on the basis of the same samples of streambed sediments. The K_g values derived from the eight empirical methods were larger than the K_v from permeameter tests; there are five methods that give K_g values of about 3–6 times larger than these K_v. The K_g values from the Kozeny formula followed by the Hazen formula give the largest overestimation error if they are used to represent the K_v of the streambed. The USBR and Shepherd formulas generated K_g values close to K_v, but these K_g values are still larger in general than the K_v values. Moreover, the new values of coefficient C for the empirical formulas were revised so that they can be used to calculate the approximate K_v of a streambed. Among the eight methods, the ratios of the original C values to the average new C range from 1.3 to 5.9. It can be hypothesized that smaller C values must be used in the estimation of K_v for general soil samples if these empirical formulas are used to calculate K_v.     

Genesis of the Wulong gold deposit,Liaoning Province,NE China:Constrains from noble gases,radiogenic and stable isotope studies

TheWulong lode deposit contains over 80 tonnes of gold with an average grade of 5.35 g/t.It is one of the largest deposits in Dandong City,Liaoning Province in northeast China.Previous studies on the deposit focused on its geological characteristics,geochemistry,fluid inclusions,and the timing of gold mineralization.However,controversy remains regarding the origin of the ore-forming fluids and metals,and the genesis of the gold deposit.This paper presents zircon UePb and pyrite RbeSr ages and S,Pb,He,and Ar isotopic results along with quartz H and O isotopic data for all litho-units associated with the deposit.Laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry measurements yielded zircon UePb dates for samples of pre-mineralization rocks like granite porphyry dike,the Sanguliu granodiorite,fine-grained diorite,and syn-mineralization diorite,as well as post-mineralization dolerite,and lamprophyre;their emplacement ages are 126
1 Ma,124
1 Ma,123
1 Ma,120
1 Ma,119
2 Ma,and 115
2 Ma,respectively.The pyrite RbeSr isochron age is 119
1 Ma,indicating that both magmatism and mineralization occurred during the Early Cretaceous.The d18OH2O values of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids from the quartzepolymetallic sulfide vein stage vary from 4.8&to 6.5&,and the dDV-SMOW values are between67.7&and75.9&,indicating that the ore-forming fluids were primarily magmatic.The noble gas isotope compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in pyrite suggest that the ore-forming fluids were dominantly derived from crustal sources with minor mantle input.Sulfur isotopic values of pyrite vary between 0.2&and 3.5&,suggesting that S was derived from a homogeneous magmatic source or possibly from fluids derived from the crust.The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides(207Pb/204Pb?15.51 e15.71,206Pb/204Pb?17.35e18.75,208Pb/204Pb?38.27e40.03)indicate that the Pb of the Wulong gold deposit is a mixture of crust and mantle components.Geochronological and geochemical data,together with the regional geological history,indicate that Early Cretaceous magmatism and mineralization of the Wulong gold deposit occurred during the rollback of the subducting Paleo-Pacific Plate,which resulted in lithospheric thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton(NCC),which indicates that the deposit is of magmaticehydrothermal origin.     

乡村旅游的乡村性测评模型——以江西婺源为例

乡村性是乡村旅游的本质特性,对乡村性进行测评是乡村旅游可持续发展研究的基础,是指导乡村旅游开发、经营和管理的重要依据。本文采用定性与定量相结合的方法,通过理论分析选取了5个潜在因素和17个观测因子构建了乡村性测评的指标体系,运用结构方程原理,建立了乡村性CFA测评模型,并以江西婺源为例进行了实证研究。通过对婺源乡村旅游典型地区的抽样调查,获取了相关数据,建立了多元回归方程,运用SPSS软件进行回归分析,获得模型的路径系数和随机误差,并对每个回归方程进行了F检验和拟合度检验,结果显示回归方程具有较高的可靠性。对模型中的路径系数进行了t检验,t值在2.319~86.895之间,其显著性概率P小于0.01或0.05,模型中的因果关系显著,与研究的假设条件相符合,模型可以接受。