特提斯喜马拉雅带江孜地区古近纪地层源区分析——对造山带早期地壳加厚的制约

特提斯喜马拉雅北亚带江孜地区上古新统-下始新统甲查拉组记录了喜马拉雅碰撞造山带的早期地壳加厚和沉积历史。本文我们报道了甲查拉组详细的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和全岩Sm-Nd同位素数据。甲查拉组由青灰色厚层的岩屑砂岩夹泥岩组成,不整合覆盖在宗卓组之上,碎屑锆石主要的峰值介于350～80 Ma, 900～470 Ma以及1 300～950 Ma,次要的峰值介于2 800～1 500 Ma。全岩⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr介于0.707 505～0.713 174,¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd介于0.512 206～0.512 355,ε_Nd(0)介于-5.52～-8.43。甲查拉组物源区以再循环的日喀则弧前盆地和上三叠统郎杰学群为主,少量物质来自雅鲁藏布江缝合带。上述研究表明,甲查拉组沉积在周缘前陆盆地的背景下,且特提斯喜马拉雅北亚带在始新世期间经历了明显的地壳加厚。     

Spatio-temporal changes of marine macrobenthic community in sub-tropical waters upon recovery from eutrophication. I. Sediment quality and community structure

A two-year study was conducted in the vicinity of a harbour in sub-tropical Hong Kong, to examine the progress of improvement in sediment quality and recovery of macrobenthic community upon cessation of organic pollution caused by sewage discharge. Median sediment particle diameter (Mdphi) and levels of total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia-nitrogen (NH(3)-N) and total phosphorus (TP), as well as macrobenthic species composition and abundance were determined bi-monthly at three inside-harbour and two outside-harbour locations. At the two inside-harbour locations, significantly higher levels of TOC, TKN, NH(3)-N and TP in sediments were observed than the outside-harbour locations. However, no significant temporal change of nutrient levels was detected at all sampling locations during the two-year study, except a significant decrease in TKN and NH(3)-N levels at one outside-harbour location and a decline in NH(3)-N content at another outside-harbour location. Spatially, the highest in mean total species number, individual number, species diversity H' and lowest evenness J was found at one outside-harbour location, whereas the other four locations had relatively similar values. H' was negatively correlated with TOC, TKN, NH(3)-N and TP content in sediments while J was positively correlated with MDphi. Across the study period, the patterns of macrobenthic community were significantly different among all samplings and that the spatial difference of benthic community was best correlated with MDphi, TOC, TKN and water depth. A weak sign of recovery in macrobenthic community structure was detected at inside-harbour locations, with replacement of opportunistic by ubiquitous species over the two-year study. The slow recovery of macrobenthic community was related to sediment characteristics. Results of a larval settlement bioassay using the polychaete Capitella sp. I also demonstrated that the inside-harbour sediments were still unfavourable for colonization and larval settlement of species sensitive to pollution. The slow biodegradation of the organic pollutants and continuous presence of heavy metals in the sediment may hinder settlement and colonization of benthic animals. However, increases of H' and J were observed in a longer time scale when comparing the present data with those obtained four years ago. This suggested that a detectable recovery of benthic community in the harbour may take at least three years and a complete recovery may even take longer duration.     

Effect of prolonged hypoxia on food consumption, respiration, growth and reproduction in marine scavenging gastropod Nassarius festivus

The effects of prolonged exposure to reduced oxygen levels (3.0 and 1.5 mg O(2)l(-1)) on marine scavenging gastropods Nassarius festivus were studied for 8 weeks. The percentages of individuals engaged in feeding and amount of food consumed were reduced as oxygen level decreased; absorption efficiency, however, did not vary significantly with oxygen level. Oxygen consumption rates and specific oxygen consumption rates were lower at reduced oxygen levels. Reproduction occurred at all oxygen levels with less egg capsules being produced at lower oxygen levels. Egg size and number of eggs per capsule, however, were not significantly affected by oxygen level. The increase in shell length was 12%, 6% and 5% at 6.0 mgO(2)l(-1) (normoxia), 3.0 mgO(2)l(-1) and 1.5 mgO(2)l(-1), respectively. At the end of the experiment, the amount of energy allocated to growth and reproduction decreased at reduced oxygen levels with values obtained at 3.0 mgO(2)l(-1) and 1.5 mgO(2)l(-1) being 48% and 70% lower than those at 6.0 mgO(2)l(-1). At all oxygen levels, most of the accumulated energy was allocated to shell growth and reproduction, and the amount allocated to somatic growth was relatively insignificant. The reduction in energy allocated to reproduction was greater than that to shell growth as the oxygen level was reduced, indicating a strategic energy allocation of marine scavengers under stressful conditions to enhance survival.     

地震造成地下水变化的物理机制及其应用前景

长期的观测实践表明,地震造成的地下水变化已经成为一种普遍现象,其形态包括类似地震波的振荡和与地震波形态迥异的阶跃。     

VPN技术在流动测震台网中的应用

应急流动测震台网和遥测地震台网的性质不同,因此在组建方式上也具有差异性。VPN是一种新的网络技术,它能够提供远程访问,外部网和内部网的连接,价格比专线或者帧中继网络要低得多。目前,VPN技术在专用的传输业务中得到了广泛的应用。本文简要介绍了VPN技术原理,以及通过运用该技术借助GPRS和CDMA传输网络来实现流动测震信号的远程传输。     

沈阳市活断层深地震反射勘探研究

本文通过深地震反射探测,获得了沈阳市区北部Moho面以上的地壳深部结构和剖面,上地壳复杂的断裂组合关系和下地壳高角度的深断裂共同构成了该区的深、浅构造关系,其结果为沈阳市活断层的地震危险性评价奠定了基础。     

长江口整治工程对盐水入侵影响研究

根据实测资料分析了长江口的盐水入侵问题。采用调和常数得到外海控制潮位,用流量控制上游边界,建立了长江口、杭州湾及邻近海域正交曲线坐标系下的二维潮流和盐度数学模型。模型验证了长江口洪、枯季时大、中、小潮的潮位、流速、流向和盐度,较好地模拟了口外顺时针旋转流和口内往复流的特征,反映了外海盐水入侵和北支盐水倒灌的运移特性。在此基础上对长江口综合整治规划方案进行了研究,讨论了整治工程对减轻长江口盐水入侵的作用。     

甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长对NaCl胁迫的响应

在盆栽条件下研究了NaCl胁迫对黄河蜜和白沙蜜甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:NaCl胁迫对甜瓜种子吸水和累计发芽率影响较小,但明显延缓后期吸水和发芽进程。50 mmol·L-1以上NaCl浓度下,甜瓜种子相对发芽指数、相对活力指数和胚根生长量均下降。NaCl胁迫抑制甜瓜幼苗高度、株叶面积增长和干物质积累,抑制作用具有浓度和时间依赖性。NaCl胁迫对甜瓜幼苗形态生长的抑制作用强于对物质积累的抑制作用,对根系干物质积累的抑制作用高于对地上部干物质积累的抑制作用,对白沙蜜的抑制作用强于对黄河蜜的抑制作用。甜瓜种子和幼苗能适应的临界NaCl浓度在100~150 mmol·L-1之间,厚皮甜瓜可能更适合作为咸水灌溉和盐碱地生产的经济作物。     

三维地震识别及其应用

三维地震识别就是一个以三维迭后地震资料为对象的多储层、多目标、多（矢量）特征参数的灰色油气识别。首先对目的层地震数字序列提取灰色、模糊、分维、振幅、自相关５类１９个地震特征参数向量,然后在地质建模的基础上,进行灰色模式训练与识别、获得整个介区的油气检测结果。其输出结果,是以形象、直观、醒目的彩色图形形式显示输出的各储层、每个目标的空间识别分别分类结果及各测线识别结果的精细描述图,便于结果的地质解释