煤炭富集区开发模式解析——以锡林郭勒盟为例

近年来我国煤炭资源富集区的开发力度空前加大,目前已经初步形成了煤炭—火电—煤化工一体化开发的态势。然而,煤炭资源富集区大多生态脆弱、水资源短缺,这一开发模式与区域主导生态功能存在尖锐冲突。重点剖析了内蒙古锡林郭勒盟煤、电、煤化工发展中存在的问题,认为突出表现在以下几个方面,即现有开发模式的可持续性较差、生态和景观破坏严重、水资源供需矛盾突出、生态建设具有盲目性。要实现资源开发与生态保护的协调发展,就必须调整区域开发模式,控制资源开发范围,加大生态建设投入,并探索适用的生态建设模式。从长远来看,要实现煤炭资源富集区的可持续发展,应通过国土规划明确区域功能定位,建立规范的生态补偿机制,编制综合性区域开发规划,并加强矿区生态恢复技术研究。     

基于树轮重建的宁夏河东沙地西部公元1899年来年降水量的变化

在分析我国季风区西北缘宁夏河东沙地西部的油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)树木年轮宽度年表与气温降水相关关系基础上,建立了树轮宽度指数与年降水量的转换方程。交叉检验结果表明转换方程比较稳定,重建结果合理可靠。公元1899年来降水量重建结果表明:研究区在20世纪40年代以前,降水变化波动幅度较大,年际间干湿变化明显,20世纪40-80年代间降水波动幅度变小且频率增加,20世纪80年代以后降水变化波动幅度又趋于增大且频率减小;与昌灵山、贺兰山和祁连山东段降水变化对比分析发现河东沙地西部的降水量变化与周边地区气候演变存在一定的同步性;宁夏河东沙地西部20世纪10年代、20世纪20-30年代初期、20世纪末以及2004-2006年的相对干旱时期有利于该区沙漠化范围的扩大,对该区沙漠化治理不利,而20世纪初期、20世纪10年代末期、20世纪30-40年代、20世纪90年代的相对湿润时期在一定程度上减缓了暖干化趋势,有利于沙漠化范围的缩小。周期分析结果表明,宁夏河东沙地西部1899年来降水量变化存在2~4 a、5~7 a和10 a左右变化周期。     

浙江文成-泰顺交界M4.2地震烈度调查与震害特征

2014年9月12日至2014年10月31日,在浙江文成-泰顺交界的珊溪水库区域发生了最大震级M4.2地震。珊溪水库地区曾在2002、2006年分别发生过最大震级为ML3.9、ML4.6的地震序列,受这2次地震作用影响,震区房屋已经遭受了一定程度的破坏。2014年地震现场调查发现,震区震感明显,房屋受损现象较为普遍,震害具有叠加效应,出现了"小震致灾"的现象。另外,在震中附近的一些道路边坡上,地震还引发了规模较小的崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害。     

REE geochemistry of surface sediments in the Chukchi Sea

Rare earth elements (including the lanthanides and Y) have analogical chemical properties and low solubility, and they are not easy to transfer and take inter-element fractionation during geological processes such as weathering, disintegration, transporta…     

Comparison of taste components between triploid and diploid oyster

The main taste components of triploid and diploid oyster (Crassostrea gigas) were compared. Free amino acids, inosine monophosphate, succinate, trimethylamine oxide and betaine in fresh and boiled extractives were analyzed. The protein, lipids, glycogen, moisture and ash, which may affect the flavour, were evaluated. In boiled extractives, the amino acids were 394.1 mg(100 g)⁻¹ in diploid and 183.5 mg(100 g)⁻¹ in triploid. However, in fresh oyster extractives, they were 320.0 mg(100g)⁻¹ and 147.3 mg(100g)⁻¹ respectively. The inosine monophosphate in triploid was 44% more than that in diploid, and a little difference existed in the content of trimethylamine oxide between them. The contents of these taste components were the basis for taste flavour pattern determination.     

内蒙古中部大青山新地沟绿岩带型金矿的成矿时代

内蒙古新地沟金矿床产于大青山太古宙花岗岩-绿岩带中,受色尔腾山群柳树沟组中基性火山岩系和韧性剪切带控制.容矿岩石主要是变安山质-英安质火山岩类.为解决主矿体的形成时代,采用石英40Ar/39Ar法,直接测定了含金石英细脉浸染状矿石中石英的形成时代,结果表明新地沟金矿的形成时代为1991.43～1988.93Ma.由此提出新地沟金矿的成因主要与吕梁期韧性剪切带中的变质变形作用有关.     

西藏公路建设中的泥石流调查与危险性评价

作者根据大量工程实例及常用方法总结了西藏公路建设中的泥石流调查、评价方法及有关地区性计算公式,对泥石流特征调查的重点主要包括形成条件、运动特征、危害及发展趋势等因素,调查范围一般应以泥石流沟谷(或冲沟)流域范围为界。在实地调查的同时,结合推理计算,方可有效地掌握泥石流的主要特征。泥石流对公路工程的危害性可通过泥石流的活动规模与易发程度定性评价。以上调查方法具有一定的普遍性,可作为今后类似地质环境条件下进行该工作的借鉴。     

Structural and Geochronological Evidence for Multiple Episodes of Tertiary Deformation along the Ailaoshan-Red River Shear Zone, Southeastern Asia, Since the Paleocene

Structural analyses show that the Ailaoshan-Red River shear zone （ASRRSZ） in Ailao Mountain is composed of three different deformational domains. These domains may represent three episodes of left-lateral slip experienced by the ASRRSZ. The first episode of such deformation occurred throughout the eastern high-grade belt of the ASRRSZ under a transtensional regime and produced L- type tectonites of amphibolite grade. The second episode of left-lateral slip formed high strain zones overprinting the high-grade belt. Its deformational mechanism is similar to simple shear and the deformed rocks are L-S mylonites of greenschist grade. The third episode of left-lateral slip took place chiefly in a western low-grade belt of the ASRRSZ. This deformation occurred in a transpressional regime, formed an overall structure pattern of a sinistral thrust system and produced phyllonites of low-greenschist grade. Geochronological data indicated that the three episodes of left-lateral slip happened before ～58-56 Ma, at least from ～27 Ma to 22 Ma and at ～13-12 Ma respectively. The first episode of slip in the ASRRSZ appeared to correspond to the initial collision of India and Asia at ～60 Ma. The second episode took place almost at the same time as the most intensive compression and uplift in Tibet. The latest event might represent a further eastward material flow in Tibet after ～16-13 Ma. Thus, the ASRRSZ of southeastern Asia probably experienced three main episodes of Tertiary left- lateral slip in the course of intracontinental convergence since the India-Asia collision.     

A CASE STUDY OF THE UNCORRELATED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES AND STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR ANOMALIES

Using the measurements from the Halogen Occultation Experiment(HALOE) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) Interim reanalysis data for the period 1994-2005, we analyzed the relationship between tropical tropopause temperature anomalies and stratospheric water vapor anomalies. It is found that tropical tropopause temperature is correlated with stratospheric water vapor, i.e., an anomalously high(low) tropical tropopause temperature corresponds to anomalously high(low) stratospheric water vapor during the period 1994-2005,except for 1996. The occurrence frequency and strength of deep convective activity during the‘mismatched'months is less and weaker than that during the‘matched'months in 1996. However, the instantaneous intensity of four short periods of deep convective activity, caused by strong surface cyclones and high sea surface temperatures, are greater during the ‘mismatched'months than during the ‘matched'months. Water vapor is transported from the lower troposphere to the lower stratosphere through a strong tropical upwelling, leading to an increase in stratospheric water vapor. On the other hand, deep convective activity can lift the tropopause and cool its temperature. In short, the key factor responsible for the poor correlation between tropical tropopause temperature and stratospheric water vapor in1996 is the instantaneous strong deep convective activity. In addition, an anomalously strong Brewer-Dobson circulation brings more water vapor into the stratosphere during the‘mismatched'months in 1996, and this exacerbates the poor correlation between tropical tropopause temperature and stratospheric water vapor.     

圆形剖分再生长的扩展Voronoi图构建方法

针对传统Vonoroi图生成过程中存在的局限性,根据各种Voronoi图生成算法的原理和特点,该文融合Delaunay算法和模拟生长算法的思想,提出了一种基于圆形剖分再生长的扩展Voronoi图生成方法.根据任务要求自定义生长函数,实现初始圆的扩展生长,达到成熟条件时停止生长;计算相邻圆之间的交点并作交线,通过一定处理后得到对应生成元的Voronoi图边界,遍历所有生长圆即可得到全域Voronoi图.通过仿真验证了该方法的可行性,易于拓展到加权Voronoi图的构建,为Voronoi图的构建提供了一种技术手段,且该方法更简洁直观.