西藏公路建设中的泥石流调查与危险性评价

作者根据大量工程实例及常用方法总结了西藏公路建设中的泥石流调查、评价方法及有关地区性计算公式,对泥石流特征调查的重点主要包括形成条件、运动特征、危害及发展趋势等因素,调查范围一般应以泥石流沟谷(或冲沟)流域范围为界。在实地调查的同时,结合推理计算,方可有效地掌握泥石流的主要特征。泥石流对公路工程的危害性可通过泥石流的活动规模与易发程度定性评价。以上调查方法具有一定的普遍性,可作为今后类似地质环境条件下进行该工作的借鉴。     

阿尔金山脉中金雁山早古生代碰撞造山带：弧岩浆岩的确定与岩体锆石U-Pb和蛇绿混杂岩^40Ar／^39Ar年代学研究的证据

岩石学和地球化学研究结果显示,出露在新疆阿尔金山北部红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿混杂岩带南侧的金雁山花岗闪长岩体形成于安第斯型陆缘弧构造背景,测得岩体的单颗粒锆石 U-Pb 年龄为467.1±6Ma。此外,对红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿混杂岩基质绢云母石英片岩中的绢云母进行的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 定年,获得坪年龄455±2Ma,等时年龄450±11Ma。上述结果证实,金雁山是一条形成在早古生代的碰撞造山带,其洋-陆俯冲造山作用可能发生在早-中奥陶世,陆-陆碰撞造山作用可能发生在中奥陶世末期。     

Structural and Geochronological Evidence for Multiple Episodes of Tertiary Deformation along the Ailaoshan-Red River Shear Zone, Southeastern Asia, Since the Paleocene

Structural analyses show that the Ailaoshan-Red River shear zone （ASRRSZ） in Ailao Mountain is composed of three different deformational domains. These domains may represent three episodes of left-lateral slip experienced by the ASRRSZ. The first episode of such deformation occurred throughout the eastern high-grade belt of the ASRRSZ under a transtensional regime and produced L- type tectonites of amphibolite grade. The second episode of left-lateral slip formed high strain zones overprinting the high-grade belt. Its deformational mechanism is similar to simple shear and the deformed rocks are L-S mylonites of greenschist grade. The third episode of left-lateral slip took place chiefly in a western low-grade belt of the ASRRSZ. This deformation occurred in a transpressional regime, formed an overall structure pattern of a sinistral thrust system and produced phyllonites of low-greenschist grade. Geochronological data indicated that the three episodes of left-lateral slip happened before ～58-56 Ma, at least from ～27 Ma to 22 Ma and at ～13-12 Ma respectively. The first episode of slip in the ASRRSZ appeared to correspond to the initial collision of India and Asia at ～60 Ma. The second episode took place almost at the same time as the most intensive compression and uplift in Tibet. The latest event might represent a further eastward material flow in Tibet after ～16-13 Ma. Thus, the ASRRSZ of southeastern Asia probably experienced three main episodes of Tertiary left- lateral slip in the course of intracontinental convergence since the India-Asia collision.     

内蒙古西中部一次暴雪天气过程分析

文章利用地面观测资料、NCEP再分析资料(1°×1°),分析了2015年11月5日内蒙古西中部的一次暴雪成因及演变形势。结果表明:此次暴雪受南方暖湿气流影响,低空急流带来的水汽促进暴雪的生成。地面倒槽的延伸、暖气团的抬升影响河套地区,形成一条温度露点差≤5℃的湿区,当温度露点差在0~2℃之间浮动时,有强烈的降水天气。水汽通量和水汽通量散度配合较好,满足低层辐合高层辐散的降水水汽条件。整层从850~400hPa上,湿度较大,700hPa上有11.0m·s^-1的南风,比湿达到7g·kg^-1,水汽通道明显,低层为东北风,温度较低,降水相态表现为雨夹雪。动力条件上,800~700hPa之间存在低涡,500hPa以上辐散,700hPa上有明显的辐合区,降水区域上空正涡度平流加强,为降水提供动力条件。     

蜀南地区茅口组气藏气水分布特征及其控制因素

蜀南地区位于四川盆地南部,勘探面积为5.03×104km2。该区茅口组为一套碳酸盐岩沉积,基质岩块具有低孔低渗的特征。在对工区地质、钻井、生产等资料分析和总结的基础上,对气水关系的复杂性进行了探讨,认为复杂的气水关系表现为:同一背斜构造范围内无统一的气水界面;同一缝洞系统也通常存在多个气水界面;一些缝洞系统在开发过程中经历了产纯气、气水同产、产纯气到再次气水同产等多个反复过程。根据气藏储层特征、开发动态和地层水演化分析,归纳出3种气水分布模式:似构造圈闭的整装气藏类型,背斜-缝洞复合圈闭类型,缝洞圈闭类型,并以宋家场、荔南桐、荷包场茅口组气藏为例加以说明。结合地质背景分析认为,不同的岩溶区域的水动力条件是控制气水分布的决定因素;构造运动控制了气水分布的调整;流体势特征指示了水体的活跃程度。     

Side-Scan Sonar Characteristics and Manganese Nodule Abundance in the Clarion—Clipperton Fracture Zones,NE Equatorial Pacific

The deep ocean floor between the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones (NE equatorial Pacific) has the highest known manganese nodule abundance in the world oceans. A detailed analysis of MR1 (Mapping Researcher 1, 11–12?kHz) sonar images and free-fall grab data in the Korean manganese nodule field areas reveals a close relationship between side-scan sonar characteristics of the seafloor and manganese nodule abundance. Eight sonar facies are identified based on back-scattering intensity and distribution patterns. These sonar facies can be interpreted as (1) volcanic seamounts (facies I-1), (2) bounding faults of abyssal hills (facies I-2 and II-1), (3) lava flows or volcanoclastic mass-flow deposits around the volcanic seamounts (facies I-3 and II-2), (4) crests of abyssal hills (facies II-1), (5) abyssal troughs between abyssal hills (facies III-1), (6) relatively flat areas (facies II-3 and III-2). In the areas where facies II-1 (abyssal hill crests with thin sediment cover) and II-3 (relatively flat areas draped by thin sediments) are dominant, manganese nodules occur abundantly. In contrast, zones comprising facies III-1 (abyssal troughs with thick sediment cover) and III-2 (relatively flat areas covered by thick sediments) are characterized by low abundance of manganese nodules. This relationship between distribution of sonar facies and manganese nodule abundance implies that (1) the qualitative difference in acoustic reflectivity of long-range side-scan sonar with some ground truth data is useful for regional assessment of manganese nodule occurrence over wide areas in a reasonable time, and (2) seafloor topography and sediment thickness are important controlling factors for regional occurrences of manganese nodules.     

变水头渗透仪器的计量校准

文章总结了变水头渗透仪计量校准工作。对计量校准精度控制标准进行了计算论证并提出了变水头玻璃管的两种校准方法。     

近30年六盘山东与西坡降水及空中水汽条件差异特征分析

利用1989-2018年欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的ERA-Interim高时空分辨率(0.125°×0.125°)再分析资料以及气象站降水观测资料,对六盘山区近30年东坡与西坡降水及空中水汽条件差异特征进行诊断分析.结果表明:①近30年六盘山区大气可降水量、700 hPa比湿、水汽通量与降水量空间分布特征较为...     

阿尔金北缘地区韧性剪切带型金矿床构造控矿解析

韧性剪切带型金矿是一种成矿机制与控矿因素都与韧性剪切带及其演化密切相关的金矿床类型。阿尔金北缘地区不同层次剪切带发育,金矿床受韧性剪切带控制明显,在区域上,韧性剪切带控制金矿床(点)的分布;在矿床范围内,韧性剪切带及其演化过程中形成的韧脆性剪切带既是唯一的赋(含)矿构造,也对矿化带、矿体的形态、产状、规模及分布起决定性的控制作用;压扭性韧性剪切变形特点决定了金矿化类型以蚀变糜棱岩型为主,交代蚀变作用发育。含矿构造裂隙以P型为主,少量D型和R型,个别为R~1型和T型;构造变形所引发的动力分异作用及其形成的动力变质热液是金矿成矿流体的主要来源之一,这与地球化学和成矿流体包裹体研究显示的大平沟金矿床成矿物质主要来源于变质岩、成矿流体有相当部分来源于变质水的特征相吻合。结合糜棱岩磁组构研究,发现磁各向异性度P值与金元素含量呈负相关关系,说明构造变形早于金矿化蚀变作用,这种时序关系进一步佐证了韧性剪切带型金矿床的成矿模式。即大面积的韧性变形构造动力分异作用形成的含金热液不是就地原位矿化,而是向上迁移并集中到范围比较窄小的韧-脆性或脆性裂隙中才发生金元素富集,最终形成金矿床。