Crustal deformation and tectonic levels of Nujiang Gorge since the Miocene

Crustal deformation shows different patterns at different depths due to changes in the physical properties of rock.Tectonic levels can be defined based on the geometry and deformation mechanisms of crustal deformation patterns. Nujiang Gorge, with a high riverbed drop, great erosion depth, and strong deformation, has rock exposures at different tectonic levels and thus provides an ideal lab for deformation study. This paper takes the Nujiang Gorge from Chawalong to Fugong as the object to identify structural deformation patterns at different depths through field study and deformation analysis. At depth, the primary form of deformation is flow deformation, as shown on the outcrops at Maji. Ductile shear deformation can be found in many outcrops within the study region, e.g., the Gaoligong dextral shear zone and Puladi-Songta sinistral shear zone that lie to the south and north of Maji, respectively. Further to the north of Puladi, the dominated deformation pattern is similar fold and dense sub-vertical foliation. In addition, brittle faults, as evidence of shallow deformation, can be seen overprinting on the deeper deformation features all over the region. Based on those observations, this paper identifies four tectonic levels from depth to the surface: flow deformation, ductile shear deformation, similar fold, and brittle fault deformation, all of which result from the NEE-SWW compressive stress field. Further evidence from studies on the region′s thermal evolution and regional tectonics suggests that the development of different tectonic levels is closely linked to the discrepant uplift or denudation since the Miocene(~21 Ma).     

Quantification of Hydrogen in Natural Diamond by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)

Doklady Earth Sciences - The volumetric concentration of hydrogen in two Brazilian diamonds is determined using secondary ion mass spectrometry and implantation of hydrogen into an external...     

2000-2013年浑善达克沙地植被净初级生产力变化研究

利用卫星遥感资料和地面气象观测资料,基于CASA模型及其他数理方法估算了浑善达克沙地2000-2013年生长季（4-10月）植被净初级生产力（NPP）,并对其时空变化特征进行了分析,讨论了气候因子和人类活动对植被净初级生产力的影响。结果表明： 14年间,研究区生长季的植被净初级生产力呈波动中增加趋势,多年平均NPP为239.8 gC·m^-2·a^-1。整个研究区表现为高NPP值（大于150 gC·m^-2·a^-1）的植被面积在增加,低NPP值（小于150 gC·m^-2·a^-1）的植被面积在减少。在空间分布上,研究区的北部、中部和南部边缘区域的植被NPP增加趋势较明显,而东部和西部部分区域未发生明显的趋势性变化。总体而言,研究区植被净初级生产力变化趋势与降水量的关系更密切,其相关系数达到0.86,是驱动植被NPP年际波动的最直接因素。而与温度呈负相关,相关系数为-0.42。综合考虑气候因素和人类活动对沙地NPP的影响发现,温度降低、种饲料面积、年末牲畜存栏头数和羊的数量的减少是NPP值提高的关键因素。     

Observations of giant pulses from B1237+25 (J1239+2453) at 111 MHz. Detection and classification

An analysis of data from monitoring of individual pulses of the second-period pulsar PSR B1237+25 (J1239+2453) carried out on the Large Phased Array (LPA) of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory at 111 MHz during 2012–2015 is presented. The aim of this observing program is a search for anomalously strong and giant pulses. The regular generation of powerful individual pulses at the longitudes of three of five components in the main profile of PSR B1237+25 has been detected. The distribution of these strong pulses in flux density is bimodal, and has the power-law form characteristic for giant pulses, with power-law indices n = ?1.26 ± 0.05 and ?3.36 ± 0.34, which differentiates them from the regular pulses of pulsars, having a log–normal distribution. The characteristic pulse widths at the half-intensity level are 3–5 ms, which comprises 50–100% of the width of the corresponding component in the mean profile. The most powerful of the detected pulses had a peak flux density of 900 ± 160 Jy, and the strongest pulse exceeded the session-mean profile by a factor of 65.     

Optimal boundary conditions for ORCA-2 model

A 4D-Var data assimilation technique is applied to ORCA-2 configuration of the NEMO in order to identify the optimal parametrization of boundary conditions on the lateral boundaries as well as on the bottom and on the surface of the ocean. The influence of boundary conditions on the solution is analyzed both within and beyond the assimilation window. It is shown that the optimal bottom and surface boundary conditions allow us to better represent the jet streams, such as Gulf Stream and Kuroshio. Analyzing the reasons of the jets reinforcement, we notice that data assimilation has a major impact on parametrization of the bottom boundary conditions for u and v. Automatic generation of the tangent and adjoint codes is also discussed. Tapenade software is shown to be able to produce the adjoint code that can be used after a memory usage optimization.     

地震孕育、发生、发展动态过程的三维有限元数值模拟

为探讨用数值方法模拟地震孕育、发生、发展动态过程的途径,从线性流变体介质内制约质点运动的运动方程出发,导出了模拟地震孕育、发生、发展动态过程的三维有限元方程及程序。还给出了模拟进程中地震孕育、发生、发展过程的约束条件,使得可以用同一个程序完整地模拟地震孕育、发生、发展的全过程,为地震过程本质的认识以及物理预报的实现提供了一个潜在的新手段。     

青海省柴达木地区钾肥生产企业粉尘、噪声主要职业病危害的调查分析

青海是我国资源较为丰富的省份,钾盐资源的开发及钾肥生产在国内占有重要地位。随着青海高原地区盐湖钾肥产业的迅速发展,相关部门对该行业职业卫生、职业病防治工作日渐重视。通过大量的现场数据收集、整理,对青海高原地区盐湖钾肥行业作业人员面临的职业病危害因素、健康安全等相关问题进行了总结和分析,提出了有针对性的防范措施。     

2014年云南鲁甸地震触发地质灾害发育分布规律及与景谷、盈江地震对比研究

2014年8月3日16时30分,云南省鲁甸县龙头山镇Ms 6.5级地震造成617人死亡,触发1700多处崩塌滑坡等地质灾害点,同年,该省又发生了Ms 6.6级景谷地震和Ms 6.1级盈江地震。笔者在对鲁甸等3次地震区次生地质灾害现场调查和遥感解译的基础上,研究了鲁甸地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律,首次提出了地震“干滑坡”的概念,并从震级、地形地貌、活动构造、人口密度等多个方面对比了鲁甸地震、景谷地震和盈江地震触发地质灾害的异同点。主要结论有：（1）鲁甸地震后新增地质灾害数量显著增加,其主要分布在水系的深切峡谷区,表现为“干滑坡”特征;（2）大型、特大型崩塌滑坡灾害点主要受活动断裂控制;（3）地震地质灾害的发育特征与地貌高程和微地貌具有很好的响应关系;（4）鲁甸震区的地形坡度明显大于景谷和盈江震区,地形坡度是鲁甸地震区地质灾害发育的主要控制因素;（5）我国西南高山峡谷区的断层、河流、阶地和城镇是相互依存,不可分割的地质环境载体,震后房屋选址、重建规划不仅要注意房屋抗震问题,还应充分考虑地质环境安全问题。     

The role of sea ice in coastal and bottom dynamics in the Pechora Sea

This article deals with the morpho- and lithodynamic role of ice in shaping the Arctic coasts. Taking the Pechora Sea as an example, the direct and indirect impact of ice on the sea floor and shores is described. Active gouging by ice floes, ice-rafting of sedimentary material, formation of strudel scour depressions and frozen rocks on shallows are all direct impacts. The indirect impact of ice that arrests the coastal zone for most of the year is a considerable reduction of the overall energy of waves and currents. Based on the performed analysis, we plot a schematic zonation of the Pechora Sea according to the probable impact of ice on the shores and seafloor.     

DEM分辨率对小流域地形水文特征提取的影响

基于ArcGIS水文分析工具研究DEM分辨率对提取流域地形和水文参数的影响,选择黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域—韭园沟流域为实验区,该流域地形复杂,沟壑纵横,DEM分辨率变化对其地形表达有很大影响。研究表明,DEM分辨率对小流域面积、流域高程、坡向的表达或提取精度影响较小,而对坡度、河道长度、河网密度和河道分级等因子提取有较大影响。