海岸带泥砂运动的形态学与岩石学的研究方法

在苏联,近十年来,海岸地貌学的研究有了很大的发展,而对于海岸地带,即海与陆相互作用地带的泥砂运动及其迁移规律性的研究则是其中最重要的一个方向。实际上,正像所指出的,对岩石圈物质迁移过程的研究是从“岩石颗粒及原生岩塊的破碎开始直到它们在地质作用中重新结合为止”而且是作为研究地壳表面地形的形成及共发展的地貌学中的一个重要任务。正是在这个作用的过程中及其后果,就建立着并发展着各种地形的形态。通常,这些形态可划分为二种基本类型:剥蚀的和堆积的。     

海洋微生物学的主要任务

海——微生物栖息的特殊环境。特殊的盐类成分,低温,高压,低浓度的有机物质,植物及动物区系的稀少等组成了微生物生命活动的广阔海洋区域一些主要生态特征。 海洋中最初的微生物学研究,早在上一世纪就已进行了,但足它们局限于较狭小的任务——     

东海东北海域环流的数值研究

本文用二维正压非线性模式研究东海东北海域(包括朝鲜海峡)的流型。该海域的环流主要为海底地形所支配。科氏效应对环流的变动很重要,β效应则是次要的。作为研究该海域的第一步,风应力未予考虑。该海域的海流在夏季比冬季强,朝鲜海峡一带尤为明显,这与所观察到的对马海流输运的年变化是一致的。在附录中导出了带底应力的应涡守恒方程,并用以分析该海域东北和东南部的流场,以便与数值结果进行比较。     

Responses of a Mediterranean soft bottom community to short-term (1993-1996) hydrological changes in the Rhone river

The polychaete fauna of muddy bottoms off the Rhone delta (NW Mediterranean) was seasonally sampled at two sites at 70 m depth, from 1993 to 1996. During this period, five severe flood events occurred. A clustering analysis (distance coefficient of Whittaker) and three way fixed factor ANOVAs (site x season x year) showed strong year-to-year changes in species density and community structure, changes that masked seasonal variations. Total density increased by a factor of 3 and density of most species significantly increased following the first flooding event. Changes in the community structure were due to the successive dominance of a few species. The opportunistic species, such as Cossura sp., Mediomastus sp. and Polycirrus sp., exhibited peaks in density 1-3 months after the flood. These peaks were followed by a drastic decline. For species with a long life span, such as Sternaspis scutata, a slower but continuous increase in density was observed which was maintained for several months. The density fluctuations of these species exhibited a good correlation with river flow with time lags of 1-2 years. The successional dynamics observed are explained according to the geographical origin of the floods and the biology and feeding ecology of species.     

海洋底质图

根据第一个五年国民经济发展计划所拟定的关于扩大巴伦支海工业渔捞场的计划,在三十年代初期给苏维埃海洋地质学提供了编制底质图的任务。同时,为了支援我国的工业及保证航海的需要,也提出了控制苏联富饶的海洋资源的任务。 还在上古时代、在航海的早期,就萌发了对海底成分和特性的兴趣。我国在十八世纪、开始编制标有底质特性的原始航行图。以后,在所有国家的航行图上,通常注明底质的名称和它的颜色、或者其它特点的标记;这种底质标记的方法,目前还在采用,但它的缺     

论潮汐方程的数值积分法

许多实际问题,在某些给定的初始和边界条件下,可以对偏微分方程进行积分。但很多情况是由于边界的轮廓复杂,很难找到这些方程的分析解,计算时只能采用边界问题的近似解法。 里特次和勃·格·加列尔基恩的变分法是应用最广泛的一种近似法,借助它,就可以求得分析形式的近似解。此外,数     

近岸带泥沙的移动及其研究

海道和港湾内的淤积问题必须从二个观点来进行研究。一方面,提出与现有工程淤积斗争的任务,因为这些工程是处于极不利的自然条件下的。另一方面,在选择工程建筑基地之前就应当及早确定将来的汙积量和选择最适宜建筑的、汙积量最小的地段,这也是很重要的。     

A NEW MODEL FOR PEBBLE BEACH TRACER DISPERSAL

A series of eight tracer experiments were carried out over one year (1983) on a low energy, macro-tidal beach in South Wales, UK. Tracer movement was monitored and 30 pebbles adjacent to coloured tracer pebbles were measured. Measurements were of the A, B, and C axes, roundness, Maximum Projection Sphericity and Oblate-Prolate indices. Analysis shows that through time, the percentage rejection of these properties increased. It is theorised that the surface tracers are 'misfits' or 'rejects' which have not found their equilibrium position in the pebble facies.     

花粉：海洋沉积物中有机物氧化作用的指示物

花粉：海洋沉积物中有机物氧化作用的指示物ＲｉｃｈａｒｄＧ．Ｋｅｉｌ等控制海洋沉积物记录中有机物保存的因素仍然是激烈争议的话题。许多调节因素互相牵连，使同时过程间的辨别变得困难。海洋沉积物中低于５０％的有机物质可以以分子方式辨别，一般来说少于１０％被保...