中亚与亚洲中部晚白垩世的陆生脊椎动物组合对比

通过对前人建议的26个生物地层标志化石存在与否的简约分析,中亚与亚洲中部晚白垩世的陆生脊椎动物组合的相对层位得到了更清楚的揭示。此区最古老的组合是乌兹别克斯坦克孜勒库姆沙漠的Khodzhakul组合(早塞诺曼期),其次为蒙古戈壁沙漠东部BaynShire组的下部和上部的组合(塞诺曼期至桑顿期)。中国内蒙古二连达布苏动物群与中亚的土伦期—桑顿期动物群属于同一类群,因为它们均具龟鳖类Khunnuchelys,前者时代可能为桑顿期。三个中亚的组合(Bissekty、Yalovach和Bostobe组合)中有两个地方性的鳄形类(Kansajsuchus和Tadzhikosuchus)和一个出现于戈壁沙漠的鳄形类(Shamosuchus)化石。戈壁沙漠的坎潘期至马斯特里赫特期组合与北美同期动物群为同一类群。Djadokhta组与BarunGoyot组的坎潘期脊椎动物组合具有高度的地方性,并反应了半干旱的古环境。产自Nemegt组的组合生存于比较潮湿的环境。在组成上,这一组合与其他河流相沉积环境(Bissekty、二连达布苏以及北美Judithian期和Lancian期的组合)相似。具顶饰的鸭嘴龙Saurolophus的存在,支持了Nemegt组合为马斯特里赫特期时代。戈壁沙漠的这三个组合(Djadokhta、Barun Goyot和Nemegt组合)被归为一类,因为它们共同拥有地方性的龟类Mongolemys和兽脚亚目的小驰龙类。亚洲中部和北美的坎潘期至马斯特里赫特期组合与亚洲更加古老的组合不同在于存有暴龙科、肿头龙亚目和鸭嘴龙科。在中亚,由于地区性的海侵,这一时间段内的陆生脊椎动物组合多不清楚。     

平流层全球环流12层模式的数值模拟试验——地形的动力效应和大陆度的热力影响部分

为了对平流层大气环流的地形影响的作用进行分析,我们作了一个12层全球环流NCAR(美国国家大气研究中心)模式进行数值试验来模拟有山和无山情况下的1月份气候形势,模式中的大气顶为36公里,采用球坐标,水平网格的经距和纬距取5°,垂直格距取3公里。这个模式包括了许多物理因子:太阳辐射和大地辐射,地面和行星边界层,对流层中大尺度降水和云,地面和冰雪面的温度,对流调整,次网格尺度的热量、水汽和动量的输送。地面的大陆度:在有山的情况下由洋面温度与真实地形来确定,在无山的情况下由洋面温度与地平面高度来确定。我们规定按太阳偏角、海面温度以及臭氧随纬度—高度的分布来模拟1月份平均情况。试验中不考虑光化过程。1月份(有山和无山)两种模拟情况的差异是用大气状态变量的地理分布以及纬向平均的气候统计结果来进行分析的。结果发现平流层中在考虑了山的情况下,在增强行星波动能量的铅直输送的方面有明显的差异(尤其是波数1)。在冬季,平流层中,阿留申地区上空半永久性的反气旋仅在有山的情况下才能模拟出来。这表明地形对于平流层大气环流的影响是很大的。另外还详细研究了热带平流层中各种波型铅直传播的特点。有两种波型是一样的;即以5天左右为周期的混合型罗斯贝—重力波和以15天左右为周期的开尔文波。这些波动随高度的倾斜和观测事实是十分一致的,这表明了在模式中热带平流层的波动能量的铅直输送也是向上的。关于在平流层中动量平衡和能量学的详细分析将在第二部分描述。     

The use of the marine biotic index AMBI in the assessment of the ecological status of the Obidos lagoon (Portugal)

This study reports the longitudinal distribution of sediment properties, including inorganic and organic contaminants, and the structure of the benthic community in Obidos lagoon, a coastal system permanently connected to the sea and with negligible freshwater sources. Sediments from the upper to central lagoon consist of fine particles (91%) and from the lower lagoon of sands (94%). Chemical composition is strongly correlated to the percentage of fine particles. Contamination is relatively low in those sediments suggesting the effect of diffuse sources. The increase in organic matter content from down- to upstream areas was associated with the dominance of opportunistic species, while sensitive and indifferent species to organic enrichment were mainly associated to the clean sandy downstream area. The marine biotic index (AMBI) was suitable for the discrimination of the biological and environmental gradients in the Obidos lagoon and was highly related with the gradient of organic matter content in this system.     

区域断裂对韩国东南部地区现今应力状态的影响

利用朝鲜半岛东南部地区浅层地应力数据,给出区域现今应力状态的分布特征及其与断层分布的关系.地应力数据表明,区域最大主压应力呈ENE-WSW到NE-SW向,这与地震震源机制解及欧亚板块东部构造应力方向的一阶模式一致.或许是受到断层的影响,现今应力张量在大小和方向上表现出不均匀性.区域水平主应力变化较为一致,而垂向则变化较...     

EFFECTIVE DISCHARGE CALCULATION GUIDE

1 mTRonvcnox: moareS Aun CoxcmSAJluvial rivers have the pOtenhal to adjust their shaPe and dimensions to all flows that tranSPOrtsediment, but Inglis (l94l) suggested that, for rivers that are in regime, a single steady flow could beidenhfied which would Produce the same bankfll dimensions as the natural sequence of events. Hereferrd to this now as the dondnan discharge.Wolman and Mller (l960) idenhfied that the flow doing most bed material transPort over a period ofyears may be taken tO…     

ON THE NUMBER OF FRACTIONS TO COMPUTE TRANSPORT OF SEDIMENT MIXTURES

1 INTRODUCTIONMany hydro-momhological mathematical models neglect the innuence of river bed maerialheterogeneity and its time and space changes during transport and related erosion/dePosition processes. Inthese models a rePresentative diameter of the river bed grain-size distribution (for examPle d5o) isspecified as initial data in each comPutational point of the modeled domain. Different d5o can be assignedto each ghd point but temPoral changes in bed material gradation cannot be simula…     

太古宙高级区和低级区的平行演化:根据阿比提比、瓦瓦和卡普斯卡辛带之间关系提出的一种观点

卡普斯卡辛构造带是一个太古宙片麻岩高级区,它斜切邻近的区域性东西走向的阿比提比、瓦瓦和魁提科低级带。这个构造带由麻粒岩相和角闪岩相的副片麻岩、英云闪长片麻岩和斜长岩系列的片麻岩组成。而相邻地区是变质火山岩—变质沉积岩带,它们由片麻岩和深成岩组成。卡普斯卡辛构造带的叶理走向为北东向,向北西中等倾斜。作者假定卡普斯卡辛带具有独特的太古宙演化历史来说明它与邻区之间在岩石、构造和变质作用特征上的显著差异。在卡普斯卡辛带,碎屑沉积岩可以沉积在断块盆地里并被斜长岩侵入,而在相邻的阿比提比带,则在拉斑火山岩中可能有与斜长岩相当的喷出岩。基诺兰(Kenoran)造山运动期间卡普斯卡辛带的下构造层变质并遭受侵入,同时在外侧低级区的较高层位经历了次绿片岩相到角闪岩相的变质作用。卡普斯卡辛带的晚期韧性剪切使片麻状构造重新定向为北东方向。元古宙的断裂运动使低级区和高级区并列。     

Morphological and Phylogenetic Studies of a Copepod Species,Irodes parupenei Ho and Lin (2007), Infecting Parupeneus rubescens in Saudi Arabia

Dammam City is one of the gorgeous coastal areas in the Arabian Gulf of Saudi Arabia.The present study aimed to ex-amine one of the copepod species infecting the rosy goatfish that represents a highly consumed fish species by the local population in the Arabian Gulf.The copepod species isolated from the infected fish specimens belong to the family Taeniacanthidae and was iden-tified as Irodes parupenei Ho and Lin(2007),primarily based on its morphological,morphometric,and ultrastructural characteris-tics,especially the structures of the dorsal cephalic area,segmentation of the first antenna,the absence of the maxilliped claw in the fe-male specimens,and the setation and spinulation of the legs 2-4 for the adult females are of great significance in the taxonomic iden-tification.The 18S rRNA gene sequence was analyzed to ensure the precise identity and exact taxonomic status of the copepod species.The result showed that this copepod species belong to Taenicanthidae and closely related to Irodes sauridi(gb|JF781550.1)in the same taxon.More details on the specificity of the goatfish for Irodes species and identifying these parasitic taxa using molecular analysis are given in the present study.     

Active tectonics and erosional unloading at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Introduction The eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, adjacent to the Sichuan Basin (Figure 1), has become a testing ground for a variety of models that contrast mechanisms of extrusion and crustal thickening associated with the India-Asia collision (Avouac and Tapponnier 1993, England and Houseman 1986),but that also address the extent to which the upper crust and upper mantle are coupled (Royden et al. 1997, Holt 2000). The margin is characterized by topographic relief of over 5 km an…