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81.
Michael K. WEISBERG Harold C. CONNOLLY Denton S. EBEL 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2004,39(10):1741-1753
Abstract— Amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs) are irregularly shaped, fine‐grained aggregates of olivine and Ca, Al‐rich minerals and are important primitive components of CR chondrites. The AOAs in CR chondrites contain FeNi metal, and some AOAs contain Mn‐rich forsterite with up to 0.7 MnO and Mn:Fe ratios greater than one. Additionally, AOAs in the CR chondrites do not contain secondary phases (nepheline and fayalitic olivine) that are found in AOAs in some CV chondrites. The AOAs in CR chondrites record a complex petrogenetic history that included nebular gas‐solid condensation, reaction of minerals with the nebular gas, small degrees of melting, and sintering of the assemblage. A condensation origin for the Mn‐rich forsterite is proposed. The Mn‐rich forsterite found in IDPs, unequilibrated ordinary chondrite matrix, and AOAs in CR chondrites may have had a similar origin. A type A calcium, aluminum‐rich inclusion (CAI) with an AOA attached to its Wark‐Lovering rim is also described. This discovery reveals a temporal relationship between AOAs and type A inclusions. Additionally, a thin layer of forsterite is present as part of the Wark‐Lovering rim, revealing the crystallization of olivine at the end stages of Wark‐Lovering rim formation. The Ca, Al‐rich nodules in the AOAs may be petrogenetically related to the Ca, Al‐rich minerals in Wark‐Lovering rims on type A CAIs. AOAs are chondrite components that condensed during the final stage of Wark‐Lovering rim formation but, in general, were temporally, spatially, or kinetically isolated from reacting with the nebula vapor during condensation of the lower temperature minerals that were commonly present as chondrule precursors. 相似文献
82.
Recently, exact spatially-homogeneous solutions have been found for a conformally invariant massless scalar fieldS(t) coupled to a Robertson-Walker geometry. We investigate extending these solutions to inhomogeneous scalar fieldsS(t, x
l
). For an isotropic scalar fieldS(t, r) we find a solution satisfying three of the five field equations. If we use REDUCE, we show that the remaining equations forceS=S(t). 相似文献
83.
The spectra of active galaxies and their nuclei are rich in emission and absorption line features. A major aim of present
research is the development of self-consistent hydrodynamic models for the production of the line-forming regions. We here
review such modelling and stress the central role played by shock phenomena induced by winds and explosions on scales ranging
from the circumstellar to the intergalactic. 相似文献
84.
85.
P. A. M. Van Hoof M. E. Foord R. F. Heeter J. E. Bailey H.-K. Chung M. E. Cuneo W. H. Goldstein V. Jonauskas F. P. Keenan R. Kisielius D. A. Liedahl C. Ramsbottom S. J. Rose P. T. Springer R. S. Thoe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(1-2):147-153
In experiments at the high-power Z-facility at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico, we have been able to
produce a low density photoionized laboratory plasma of Fe mixed with NaF. The conditions in the experiment allow a meaningful
comparison with X-ray emission from astrophysical sources. The charge state distributions of Fe, Na and F are determined in
this plasma using high resolution X-ray spectroscopy. Independent measurements of the density and radiation flux indicate
unprecedented values for the ionization parameter ξ = 20–25 erg cm s−1 under nearly steady-state conditions. First comparisons of the measured charge state distributions with X-ray photoionization
models show reasonable agreement, although many questions remain. 相似文献
86.
87.
The uranium deposits in the basin of Franceville (Gabon) host the only natural fission reactors known in the world. Unique
geological conditions favoured a natural fission reaction 2 Ga ago. This was detected by anomalous isotopic compositions of
uranium and rare earth elements (REE), which are produced by the fission reaction. In total, 16 reactor zones were found.
Most of them are mined out. The reactor zone of Bangombé, is only 10–11 m below the surface. This site has been influenced
by surface weathering processes. Six drill cores have been sampled at the site of the reactor zone of Bangombé during the
course of the study and only one drill core (BAX 08) hit the core of the reactor. From these data and previous drilling campaigns,
the reactor size is estimated to be 10 cm thick, 2–3 m wide and 4–6 m long. The migration of fission products can be traced
by the anomalous isotope ratios of REE because of the fission process. The 149Sm/147Sm ratio close to the reactor zone is only 0.28 (normal: 0.92) because of the intense neutron capture of 149Sm and subsequent transmutation, whereas 147Sm is enriched by the fission reaction. Similar changes in isotopic patterns are detectable on other REE. The isotope ratios
of Sm and Nd of whole rock and fracture samples surrounding the reactor indicate that fission-genic REE migrated only a few
decimetres above and mainly below the reactor zone. Organic matter (bitumen) seems to act as a trap for fission-genic REE.
Additional REE-patterns show less intense weathering with increasing depth in the log profile and support a simple weathering
model.
Received: 26 November 1999 · Accepted: 2 May 2000 相似文献
88.
T. Masuda T. Shibutani T. Ochiai S. Akagi H. Yamaguchi Y. Kugimiya N. Kimura T. Miyake 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2004,22(3):199-205
Evidence is presented of a lateral variation in differential stress during metamorphism along a regional metamorphic belt on the basis of the proportion of microboudinaged piemontite grains (p) in a quartz matrix in metacherts. It is proposed that p is a practical indicator of relative differential stress. Analysis of 123 metacherts from the 800 km long Sambagawa metamorphic belt, Japan, reveals that p‐values range from < 0.01 to 0.7 in this region. Most samples from Wakayama in the mid‐belt area have p‐values of 0.4–0.6, whereas those from western Shikoku have p‐values of < 0.1. This difference cannot be explained by variations in metamorphic temperature, and is instead attributed to a regional, lateral variation in differential stress during metamorphism. 相似文献
89.
90.
S. C. Trager Guy Worthey S. M. Faber Alan Dressler 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,362(1):2-8
We present numerical investigations into the formation of massive stars from turbulent cores of density structure ρ∝ r −1.5 . The results of five hydrodynamical simulations are described, following the collapse of the core, fragmentation and the formation of small clusters of protostars. We generate two different initial turbulent velocity fields corresponding to power-law spectra P ∝ k −4 and P ∝ k −3.5 , and we apply two different initial core radii. Calculations are included for both completely isothermal collapse, and a non-isothermal equation of state above a critical density (10−14 g cm−3 ) . Our calculations reveal the preference of fragmentation over monolithic star formation in turbulent cores. Fragmentation was prevalent in all the isothermal cases. Although disc fragmentation was largely suppressed in the non-isothermal runs due to the small dynamic range between the initial density and the critical density, our results show that some fragmentation still persisted. This is inconsistent with previous suggestions that turbulent cores result in the formation of a single massive star. We conclude that turbulence cannot be measured as an isotropic pressure term. 相似文献