就医空间可达性分析的两步移动搜索法——以江苏省东海县为例

精确评价医疗设施可达性的空间分异样状况是合理配置医疗资源的前提。本文在回顾国内外关于医疗空间可达性研究的基础上, 采用两步移动搜索法, 以江苏省贫困县--东海县为案例, 以行政村和医院为分析单元, 基于迪卡斯特拉算法计算出各村到医院(卫生院)的最短通行时间, 进而分析各村医疗空间可达性分异情况。采用不用服务时间阈值范围进行空间敏感性分析, 综合研判缺医地区分布特点。与传统的医卫人员和人口比值的方法相比, 两步移动搜索法能有效显示县域范围内医疗可达性的空间分异情况。采用较大的时间阈值, 医疗空间可达性分异较为平滑, 采用较小服务阈值则空间分异显著, 缺医范围也较大。东海县医疗空间可达性整体呈单核结构, 并沿主要交通线延伸, 缺医地区多分布于边缘乡镇。提高边缘乡镇的行政村的甲级卫生院等级和乡村道路等级将会改善边缘乡镇的就医可达性。     

下扬子黄桥地区构造特征及其与油气的关系

下扬子黄桥地区位于下扬子对冲构造带上,记录了多期构造变形,并且保存了较完整的中古生界海相地层,发育多 套烃源岩,具有良好的油气前景。文中采用三维地震工区构造精细解释及运动学正演模拟方法,分析了研究区的构造变形 特征及其变形过程,结果表明黄桥地区中上古生界和下中生界地层在自SE向NW的挤压应力作用下,以前展式发育了多个 断层相关褶皱构造。在构造前锋,断层相关褶皱反向发育,于工区中部偏北西侧形成明显的对冲构造,地层遭受强烈的褶 皱、隆升,构造总缩短率高于47.55%;之后,区域应力场转变为NW-SE向拉张,工区南东侧发育负反转断层,且自南西 向北东负反转程度逐渐变大,由上正下逆复合型转变为似正断层型;此次拉伸正断作用导致断层回滑,形成上白垩统填充 的半地堑构造,对冲构造也受到了一定的破坏。在此基础上,结合前人油气成藏的研究成果,探讨了黄桥构造变形与其油 气成藏的关系,并提出了对冲构造背斜、对冲构造下盘及南东侧的广陵构造背斜为黄桥地区的有利油气区块。研究结果对 进一步认识黄桥及下扬子区的构造变形特征和演化、以及该区的油气勘探提供一定的参考。     

南天山巴音布鲁克花岗岩岩体成因:锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素及其地球化学证据

巴音布鲁克岩体为南天山北缘出露不多的代表性早古生代花岗岩体,由二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩构成,两类岩石均显示富集Rb、Ba、Th、K和Pb等LILE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等HFSE的活动陆缘弧岩浆地球化学特征。其中,二长花岗岩相对低SiO_2和K_2O,略高CaO、Fe_2O_3T和MgO,具轻重稀土中等分馏、弱负Eu异常的稀土元素分布模式。钾长花岗岩明显高SiO_2,富K_2O,低CaO和MgO,强烈亏损Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P,高DI指数(94.31~95.52)和高Rb/Sr比值,轻重稀土中等分馏,呈现出强负Eu异常的稀土分布模式,指示岩浆经历了较高程度演化。二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩分别获得464.5±3.5Ma和430.2±3.2 Ma的形成年龄,对应的锆石εHf(t)分别为-8.66~-6.56和-5.33~-2.19,Hf陆壳模式年龄TDMC分别为1.58~1.69Ga和1.33~1.49Ga,明显高于其形成年龄,表明岩浆主要源自中元古代基底陆壳物质的部分熔融。结合南天山北缘和中天山南缘类似的同期花岗岩的广泛出现认为,巴音布鲁克岩体中的二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩分别代表了南天山洋早期俯冲消减活动陆缘弧岩浆和晚期成熟岩浆演化的结果,表明其大洋俯冲消减作用一直持续到志留世仍未结束。     

Geochemistry of late Palaeozoic granitoids of the Balkhash metallogenic belt,Kazakhstan: implications for crustal growth and tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

ABSTRACT

The Balkhash metallogenic belt (BMB) in Kazakhstan is a famous porphyry Cu–Mo metallogenic belt in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The late Palaeozoic granitoids in the BMB are mainly high-K calc-alkaline and I-type granites, with shoshonite that formed during a late stage. Geochemical analyses and tectonic discrimination reveal a change in the tectonic environment from syn-collision and volcanic arcs during the Carboniferous to post-collision during the Permian. The late Palaeozoic granitoids from the Borly porphyry Cu deposit formed in a classical island-arc environment, and those from the Kounrad and Aktogai porphyry Cu deposits and the Sayak skarn Cu deposit are adakitic. The ε_Nd(t) values for the late Palaeozoic granitoids are between ?5.87 and +5.94, and the ε_Sr(t) values range from ?17.16 to +51.10. The continental crustal growth histories are different on either side of the Central Balkhash fault. On the eastern side, the ε_Nd(t) values of the granitoids from the Aktogai and Sayak deposits are very high, which are characteristic of depleted mantle and suggest that crustal growth occurred during the late Palaeozoic. On the western side, the ε_Nd(t) values of the granitoids from the Borly and Kounrad deposits are slightly low, which suggests the presence of a Neoproterozoic basement and the mixing of crust and mantle during magmatism. The granitoids have initial ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values of 18.335–20.993, 15.521–15.732, and 38.287–40.021, respectively, which demonstrate an affinity between the late Palaeozoic magmatism in the BMB and that in the Tianshan, Altai, and Junggar orogens.     

Formation of chlorite rims and the impact of pore-lining chlorite on reservoir quality: a case study from Shiqianfeng sandstones in upper Permian of Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,eastern China

The source material, precursor and formation processes of chlorite rims, and impact of pore-lining chlorite on reservoir quality of the Shiqianfeng sandstones, Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China, are studied using an integrated approach, including core observation, point-count analysis of thin-sections, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and cathode luminescence. The petrographic analysis shows that chlorite rims consist of grain-coating chlorite, poorly crystalline pore-lining chlorite and euhedral-crystallised pore-lining chlorite. The chemical composition shows that pore-lining chlorite is mainly Fe-rich with an average of 0.785 for Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio. Petrographic analysis shows a large amount of volcanic dust (3.0～16.0 vol%, average of 7.93 vol%) in Shiqianfeng sandstones, which determines the formation of poorly crystalline pore-lining chlorite. Transformation of volcanic dust to smectite rims started with shallow burial depth at an early diagenetic stage, followed by in situ alteration of the smectite rims to poorly crystalline chlorite rims. Euhedral-crystallised chlorite mainly develops in sandstones with high porosity, high permeability and open flow systems. Pore-lining chlorite can inhibit quartz overgrowth but cannot effectively prevent pore-filling of authigenic quartz, carbonate and kaolinite cements, and therefore cannot prevent porosity destruction. However, the occurrence of pore-lining chlorite is a barometer of good reservoir quality and intense hydrodynamic conditions.     

Agent-based tsunami evacuation modeling of unplanned network disruptions for evidence-driven resource allocation and retrofitting strategies

The constant threat from landslides in the northeastern part of Istria, Croatia, calls for the need to apply accurate and reliable methods in landslide hazard assessment in order to prevent landslide damage and to set an early warning system if necessary. Furthermore, landslide susceptibility and hazard assessment enable optimal area management and regional urban planning. The study area is in the northeastern and central part of the Istrian Peninsula, well known as an area of frequent, small and shallow slope instability phenomena. Landslide susceptibility assessment in the area around the city of Buzet was performed using a deterministic landslide susceptibility model in the LS-RAPID software. LS-RAPID was developed to analyze stability at one single location, but the performed analysis has shown that LS-RAPID can be used as a powerful tool in landslide susceptibility and hazard assessment on regional scale. The objective of this paper is to establish the influence of the runout potential on the enlargement of the landslide-susceptible zones, due to expansion of the failure area around the initial failure zone. Performed analysis of rainfall return periods shows the frequency of landslide occurrence and provides the possible correlation with the time component of landslide hazard in the area.     

Modeling the influence of urbanization on urban pluvial flooding: a scenario-based case study in Shanghai,China

Natural Hazards - Rapid urbanization has brought great productivity, prosperity and challenges to Shanghai in the last few decades. This paper focuses on the influence of urbanization on urban...     

Empirical Formula of Shear Strength of Rock Fractures Based on 3D Morphology Parameters

The prime objective of this work is to provide a reference to predict the peak shear strength of rock fractures. The paper studied some shear properties of rock fractures and proposed an empirical formula for the peak shear strength of rock fractures based on 3D morphology parameters. The rock fractures were induced in cylindrical sandstone and marble specimens by means of indirect tension. A rock direct shear apparatus (RDS-200) was adopted to conduct direct shear tests on five groups of rock fractures under different levels of normal load. Before the direct shear test, 3D morphology parameters of rock fracture surfaces were obtained using a 3D optical scanner. By analyses of direct shear test data, the relationships between peak shear strength, peak shear displacement, peak dilatancy angle, residual friction coefficient and peak normal stress were found. According to the evolution trends of peak shear strength and peak dilatancy angle along with the normal stress, an empirical formula was proposed to predict the peak shear strength of rock fractures in both sliding and cutting failure modes considering the 3D morphology parameters of rock fracture surfaces. The empirical formula could be commonly used for different types (sandstone and marble) and grain sizes (powder-grained, fine-grained, medium-grained and coarse-grained) of rock fractures.