Application of Avaatech X-ray fluorescence core-scanning in Sr/Ca analysis of speleothems

Application of X-ray fluorescence core-scanning(XRF-CS) on both marine and lake sediments has achieved remarkable results. However, its application has not been widely extended to the research on speleothems. In this study, we measure the Sr abundance and the Sr/Ca ratios of three stalagmites(two aragonite stalagmites, one calcite stalagmite) using the state-of-the-art fourth-generation Avaatech high-resolution XRF core scanner. Through comparisons among different scan paths and among different scan resolutions, as well as comparisons with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES), Itrax XRF, and Artax XRF results, we confirm that the Avaatech XRF core scanner could precisely, quickly, and nondestructively analyze the high-resolution Sr abundance of speleothems. Furthermore, we combine the stalagmite δ~(18)O records to explore the paleoclimatic significance of the measured stalagmite Sr/Ca.     

珠江口洪季最大浑浊带的大小潮变化与机制分析*

基于ROMS三维模型, 模拟了珠江口洪季最大浑浊带的轴、侧向分布和大、小潮变化。模拟结果表明, 珠江口伶仃洋最大浑浊带的轴向位置在22.3°—22.45°N之间, 并随着潮流变化而周期性上下游迁移。控制最大浑浊带形成的主要因素是余流作用下的底层泥沙辐聚, 决定最大浑浊带位置的主要因素是水平对流输沙, 泥沙来源主要是上游浅滩沉积物的再悬浮。小潮期间堆积在浅滩的细颗粒沉积物在大潮期间被悬浮, 搬运到下游的滞流点位置, 在中滩南部和西滩外缘落淤。“潮泵”作用在大潮期间将泥沙向下游输运, 在小潮期间向上游输运; 垂向剪切作用则有利于悬浮泥沙的陆向输运; 二者共同作用产生泥沙辐聚, 形成最大浑浊带。大、小潮期间余流结构差异不大, 主要由密度差和潮汐混合不对称共同导致, 其中前者贡献更大。     

以颗粒物理原理认识汶川M_W 7.9地震发生前临震预滑和震颤现象

发生在孕震区周边地块上的临震预滑和震颤现象,对破坏性地震预测有一定前兆意义,是值得地震学界关注的问题。选取2008年5月12日汶川M_W 7.9地震发生前,临夏和湟源地震台分量应变仪记录与临夏、恩施和西安地震台数字地震仪记录以及临夏和周至地震台深井水位仪记录,分析发现,在临震前数天至数小时,上述各地震台不同学科观测仪器均记录到一些"跃变"和"震颤"震相。文中试图以颗粒物理原理,来认识不同距离、不同台站、不同学科的观测仪器在临震前相近时间段内记录的低频和高频震相,可能是不同地块在临震前发生预滑错动后激发的预滑震相Xp和地下气体在裂隙内流动激发的震颤震相Tp。观测结果表明:2008年5月8日03时至主震发生,各地震台所处地块在相近时段内逐次发生次数不等的预滑错动,其中1—2次较大错动可在噪声背景中被识别;各地震台预滑错动方向指向或背向主震震中。据此认为:汶川M_W7.9地震前,上述各地震台所处地块在不同大小、不同方向的力链驱动下,发生指向或背向主震震中的临震预滑现象。     

基于车桥耦合振动的常用简支空心板梁桥冲击系数分析

通过Universal Mechanism和ANSYS软件相结合建立了车桥耦合振动模型,考虑车型、行车速度、车重和桥梁频率等因素,对工程常用的4种标准跨径装配式混凝土空心板梁桥进行了车桥耦合振动模拟。研究表明:冲击系数随车速增加而上升;随车重增加而增大;随桥梁频率的增加而降低。在多种因素中,车速对冲击系数影响最为明显。     

Numerical investigation on special modes with narrow amplification diagram in harbor oscillations

Ocean Dynamics - In the studies of harbor oscillations, some modes with extremely narrow amplification diagram are significantly common. An extended mild-slope equation and a fully nonlinear...     

生态疏浚对太湖五里湖湖区生态环境的影响

五里湖作为太湖富营养化最严重的区域,内源污染和生态退化成为困扰五里湖最主要的两个问题.生态清淤工程的特点是对所要疏浚污染底泥污泥厚度通过采样分析后精确测定,并且在施工过程中的控制精度也高于一般的工程疏浚.所以生态清淤既可以清除五里湖的内源污染,又能为其生态恢复创造条件.本文通过对五里湖生态疏浚对生态系统的影响,疏浚区底泥、水质质量的改善的效果以及对原位培养生物的抗氧化系统组分变化等多个方面进行分析评价,发现,五里湖生态疏浚区底泥中磷含量下降了30%,左右,重金属含量升高的地质积累指数小于1级.疏浚后半年内水体中总磷和溶解磷含量比疏浚前下降10%-25%左右,叶绿素a含量下降40%,左右,其它水质理化参数保持正常.作为生物标志物原位培养生物的抗氧化系统组分在疏浚前后变化较小所以认为,五里湖疏浚达到了一定的效果,并且控制了对生态的压力,为下一步生态修复创造了条件.     

洱海富营养化影响因素分析

水质富营养化评价表明,洱海现属中营养水平,根据全年平均状态下的某些单项指标评分或近年来某些时段的全湖营养类型综合评分,将洱海评价为从中营养状态向营养营养状态过渡型的湖泊可能更为适宜。与历史资料相比,８０年代至今富营养化进程料快,主要营养盐守趋势。     

江苏省海岸侵蚀现状遥感监测与防治对策

文章利用卫星遥感解译、潮汐数值模拟、GIS空间拓扑分析等技术手段,对水边线进行水位订正,推算出2019年度江苏沿海的遥感海岸线,对江苏省海岸侵蚀现状进行了遥感监测与评估。研究结果表明:2019年江苏省共有侵蚀岸线长58.55 km,占全省大陆海岸线的7.39%。废黄河三角洲侵蚀型海岸的侵蚀岸段平均年侵蚀后退 59.24 m,主要表现为盐养围堤的冲刷水毁;辐射沙洲北翼淤长型海岸的侵蚀岸段年平均侵蚀后退152.28 m,表现为潮间带上部坡度变缓,海岸线持续内移。全省海岸带侵蚀总面积为 7.244 8 hm2,强侵蚀岸段主要分布在南八滩闸北侧,新洋河口两侧以及斗龙港南侧区域。文章同时结合江苏海域动态监管工作经验,提出了5点海岸侵蚀灾害防治对策:①加强天-空-地一体化多手段联合监测,精确监控海岸侵蚀灾害发生范围与程度,了解海岸侵蚀强度与等级;②联合多平台海洋观测,深入开展致灾因素分析,了解海岸侵蚀灾害的发展与变化趋势,逐步完善灾害预警机制;③根据不同的海岸类型与海岸侵蚀特征,有效开展多策略的海岸防护整治,减少海岸侵蚀灾害损失;④加快海岸带保护修复,明确海岸带开发活动的适宜空间与适宜程度,优化海岸带空间布局;⑤强化海岸责任管理,明确监管职责。     

Dynamic simulation of tropical coral reef ecosystem being disturbed by multiple situations

In consideration of the rapid degradation of coral reef ecosystems, the establishment of models is helpful to comprehend the degradation mechanism of coral reef ecosystems and predict the development process of coral reef communities. According to the characteristics of complex ecosystem of tropical coral reefs in China, the coral reef functional group is the core level variable; combined with the multiple feedback effects of coral reef functional groups and environmental changes, the study presents a coral reef ecosystem dynamics model with hermatypic corals as the core. Based on the simulation of the assumed initial value and the internal feedback of the system, the results show that in the basic simulation(relative health conditions), the coverage area of live corals and coral reefs generally decreased first and then increased, and increased by 4.67% and 6.38% between2010 and 2050, respectively. Based on the calibration model and the current situation of the studied area, the multi-factor disturbance effects of coral reef communities were simulated and explored by setting up three scenarios involving fishing policy, terrestrial deposition, and inorganic nitrogen emissions. Among them, in the single factor disturbance, the fishing policy exerts the most direct impact on the community decline; and the succession phenomenon is obvious; the terrestrial sedimentation has a faster and more integrated effect on the community decline; the effect of inorganic nitrogen emission on the community decline is relatively slow. In the double/multi-factor disturbance, the superimposed disturbance will aggravate the multi-source feedback effect of the coral reef communities development, accelerate the community decay rate, and make its development trajectory more complicated and diverse. This method provides a scientific and feasible method for simulating the damage of long-term coral reef community and exploring the development law and adaptive management of coral reef ecosystems. In the future, it can be further studied in the ecological restoration process and decisionmaking direction of coral reefs.