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41.
Aquifers Shared Between Mexico and the United States: Management Perspectives and Their Transboundary Nature 下载免费PDF全文
Totally 36 aquifers have been identified along the Mexico‐U.S. border. Of these, only 16 have adequate data to provide a reasonable level of confidence to categorize them as transboundary. Limited and/or contrasting data over the other aquifers in the region reflects the void in transboundary groundwater management and assessment mechanisms throughout much of the Mexico‐U.S. border. This paper identifies management mechanisms, structures, and institutional prioritization related to transboundary aquifers shared between Mexico and the United States. It also evaluates the differences in the transboundary nature of these aquifers, and how their combined hydrological and geographical considerations interrelate with local and regional social, economic, political, and even scale dimensions to create complex management challenges. 相似文献
42.
Amplitude dependence of equivalent modal parameters in monitored buildings during earthquake swarms 下载免费PDF全文
Rosario Ceravolo Emiliano Matta Antonino Quattrone Luca Zanotti Fragonara 《地震工程与结构动力学》2017,46(14):2399-2417
This paper investigates the dynamic response of three sample buildings belonging to the Seismic Observatory for Structures, the Italian network for the permanent seismic monitoring of strategic structures, managed by the Italian Department of Civil Protection. The case studies cover different building types that could loosely represent the Italian building stock, with a special emphasis on cultural heritage and masonry structures. Observed under a low‐intensity seismic swarm comprising about 30 aftershocks after a main event, the three buildings are analysed through an input–output, model‐driven linear dynamic identification procedure, depicting the relation between the shaking level at the site and the variation of the equivalent structural modal parameters, while keeping into account the effects of soil–structure interaction. Finite element models will be used to investigate one of the case studies and to compare the law of variation of the structural modal parameters with respect to simplified models proposed by technical standards. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
43.
It is known that the fauna of the exposed sandy beaches are primarily controlled by physical variables; but how these variables operate along and across the beach still remains fairly under discussion. In our study, we sampled a range of exposed sandy beaches along the Northwest coast of Spain to determine the relationship between the principal physical variables of the beaches (including beach morphodynamic state), and the macrofaunal community. The fauna of these beaches comprise truly marine species along the intertidal zone as well as semi-terrestrial species in the upper and supratidal environments. These two groups respond in a different manner to the physical environment. The first group is directly controlled by the morphodynamic state of the beach, and variations in the physical environment; the second group is not clearly affected by these physical conditions. In this case, other variables such as food availability and the human uses of the upper limits of the beach seem to be more relevant in explaining the patterns observed in the macrofaunal community. 相似文献
44.
Sebastiano Imposa Jean-Pierre Fourno Rosario Raffaele Antonio Scaltrito Luciano Scarfi 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2009,1(4):416-423
A one-dimensional velocity model and station corrections for the Middle-Durance fault zone (south-eastern France) were computed by inverting P-wave arrival times recorded on a local seismic network of 8 stations. A total of 93 local events with a minimum of 6 P-phases, RMS 0.4 s and a maximum gap of 220° were selected. Comparison with previous earthquake locations shows an improvement for the relocated earthquakes. Tests were carried out to verify the robustness of inversion results in order to corroborate the conclusions drawn from our findings. The obtained minimum 1-D velocity model can be used to improve routine earthquake locations and represents a further step toward more detailed seismotectonic studies in this area of south-eastern France. 相似文献
45.
46.
Maria Teresa Giugliano Alessandra Longo Rosario Montuori Vincenzo Piluso 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(13):1455-1474
Structural engineering problems are always affected by many sources of uncertainty, such as aleatory of material properties, applied loads and earthquake intensity, therefore, seismic assessment of structures should be based on probabilistic methods. Since PBSD (Performance‐based Seismic Design) philosophy was formulated, many researches have been conducted in this field in order to develop simple and accurate procedures for evaluating structural reliability. An important contribution has been provided by Jalayer and Cornell, who have developed a closed‐form expression to evaluate the mean annual frequency of exceeding a defined limit state. In this paper, by assuming the record‐to‐record variability as the only source of uncertainty, the seismic reliability of concentrically braced frames designed according to traditional and innovative methodologies is investigated, and a comparison between their performances is presented. In particular, two design methodologies have been applied: Eurocode 8 provisions and a new design methodology based on a rigorous application of ‘capacity design’ criteria. The innovative reduced section solution strategy, based on the reduction of cross sections at bracing member ends, has also been analysed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
47.
Olivia Salmerón-García Jorge Zavala-Hidalgo Adriana Mateos-Jasso Rosario Romero-Centeno 《Ocean Dynamics》2011,61(4):439-448
Regions in the Gulf of Mexico are determined based on the statistical behavior of the long-term monthly means of chlorophyll-a concentration from SeaWiFS satellite estimations. An analysis based on the four largest modes of an empirical orthogonal
decomposition, which account for 84.9% of the variance, results in nine spatial patterns with different statistical behavior
representing 14 connected regions. The time evolution (or principal component) of the first two modes resemble the annual
cycle, but each one with a different phase; the third mode represents a semiannual period and the fourth mode shows three
maxima and minima. A map of the resulting regions is obtained and the oceanographic processes taking place in each region
are discussed. The largest region covers most of the deep Gulf and the continental slope. Other regions in the deep Gulf are
located southeast of the Mississippi River mouth and off-shelf of southern Texas and Tabasco, all associated with seasonal
offshore cross-shelf transports. The shelves are associated with specific regions, but in wide shelves the inner and outer
continental platforms are separated. Among the causes that determine different regions are topographic characteristics and
the seasonal variability of physical processes, mainly entrainment caused by heat and momentum fluxes, upwelling, river plumes,
and cross-shelf transports associated with the convergence of the along-coast currents. 相似文献
48.
Rodríguez-Cañero Rosario Jabaloy-Sánchez Antonio Navas-Parejo Pilar Martín-Algarra Agustín 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,107(5):1791-1806
International Journal of Earth Sciences - Graphite-rich metamorphic limestones included within low-grade black schists of the lowest Nevado-Filábride tectonic unit in the Sierra de Baza... 相似文献
49.
The surfaces of small bodies in the outer Solar System are rich in organic compounds and carbonaceous refractories mixed with ices and silicates. As made clear by dedicated laboratory experiments space weathering (e.g. energetic ion bombardment) can produce red colored materials starting from bright and spectrally flat ices. In a classical scenario, the space weathering processes “nurture” alter the small bodies surface spectra but are in competition with resurfacing agents that restore the original colors, and the result of these competing processes continuously modifying the surfaces is supposed to be responsible for the observed spectral variety of those small bodies. However an alternative point of view is that the different colors are due to “nature” i.e. to the different primordial composition of different objects. In this paper we present a model, based on laboratory results, that gives an original contribution to the “nature” vs. “nurture” debate by addressing the case of surfaces showing different fractions of rejuvenated vs. space weathered surface, and calculating the corresponding color variations. We will show how a combination of increasing dose coupled to different resurfacing can reproduce the whole range of observations of small outer Solar System bodies. Here we demonstrate, for the first time that objects having a fully weathered material turn back in the color–color diagrams. At the same time, object with the different ratio of pristine and weathered surface areas lay on specific lines in color–color diagrams, if exposed to the same amount of irradiation. 相似文献
50.
The role of near-surface cavities in the carbon dioxide cycle of karst areas: evidence from the Carburangeli Cave Natural Reserve (Italy) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Paolo Madonia Adriana Bellanca Rosario Di Pietro Laura Mirabello 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(8):2423-2439
Hydrological, chemical and meteorological data collected during the years 2006–2007 at Carburangeli Cave (Italy) have provided new insights on the near-surface cycle of carbon dioxide, particularly concerning the role played by fractures and karst conduits. Carbon dioxide is trapped in the underground atmosphere essentially when its temperature is lower than the outer one. By contrast, convective air circulation disperses all the excess CO2 in the external environment when the thermal differential is inverted. The network of fractures and karst conduits then works, in the vadose zone, as a re-circulator of CO2 from the soil to the atmosphere. The total amount of CO2 fixed in the underground is controlled, during the wet season, by the amount of infiltrating waters, which act as the main carrier of CO2 in the subsoil. By contrast, during the dry season, gravitational drainage is responsible for the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the underground voids. The quantitative balance demonstrated that the degassed CO2 amounts are one order of magnitude higher than the dissolved CO2. In light of this, if the near-surface outgassing processes are not taken into account, CO2 budgets may be affected by significant errors. 相似文献