Modulation of ionospheric conductivities during high-power wave propagation

Enhancement of conductivity tensor modification within the ionospheric plasma by electron density modulation through the temperature dependence of the recombination rates of different ionspecies caused due to electron temperature modulation during high-power wave propagation is studied. Variation of Hall and Pedersen conductivities of the ionosphere has been investigated in the height range between 85 km to 250 km. The generation of waves at the modulation frequency and its harmonics in the ELF, VLF bands in the process is discussed.     

A model for pore‐fluid‐sensitive rock behavior using a weathering state parameter

Chalk and other porous rocks are known to behave differently when saturated with different pore fluids. The behavior of these rocks varies with different pore fluids and additional deformation occurs when the pore fluid composition changes. In this article, we review the evidence that behavior in porous rocks is pore‐fluid‐dependent, present a constitutive model for pore‐fluid‐dependent porous rocks, and present a compilation of previously published data to develop quantitative relationships between various pore fluids and mechanical behavior. The model proposed here is based on a state parameter approach for weathering and has similarities to models previously proposed for weathering‐sensitive rocks in that the values for parameters that characterize material behavior vary as a function of weathering. Comparisons with published experimental data indicate that the model is capable of reproducing observed behavior of chalk under a variety of loading conditions and changes in pore fluid composition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Haser model CN,C2 and C3 production rates in some comets

Emission fluxes of CN, C₂ and C₃ species observed in the coma of some comets are analysed in the framework of Haser model. CN, C₂ and C₃ production rates are determined using recently derived fluorescence efficiencies and dependence of CN, C₂ and C₃ production rates on the heliocentric distance is studied. Evidence for a burst type activity around January 15, 1974 in the post-perihelion period of comet Kohoutek (1973f) is observed.