'Anywhere you can talk about how you feel is better': Young people's experiences of sexual health messages

Despite increased sexuality education in New Zealand, concern remains about high rates of sexually transmitted infection and unplanned pregnancy among young people. To understand this 'gap', we consider what high school students learn about sexual health, and where they learn it. Narrative evidence reveals the negative, risk-oriented nature of sexual health messages at school and at home. In these power-laden places, little information is imparted about several key issues, including emotions. Students are aware of such absences, and articulate a desire for more open discussions of sexual health and sexuality, as is possible in informal settings occupied by friends.     

Preface to the Special Issue on Summer 2020: Record Rainfall in Asia — Mechanisms,Predictability and Impacts

Throughout vast areas of Asia, the summer of 2020 was extraordinarily wet. After an exceptionally wet May in North-east India and Bangladesh, excessive rainfall hit at least 10 provinces in central and southern China in June and July, caus-ing extensive flooding in many rural and urban locations. Long standing rainfall, lake and river level records were con-sequently broken in several parts of the region with the Yangtze-Huaihe river valleys, particularly badly impacted, with con-sequential economic losses. Floods and landslides also affected parts of Japan with at least one location in Kumamoto province even experiencing a record-breaking 1000 mm of rainfall in just 3 days in early July. The 2020 wet season in South Korea was also exceptionally long, lasting 54 days, compared to their more usual 32.     

ANALYSIS OF COUNT DATA USING POISSON REGRESSION*

In geographical research the data of interest are often in the form of counts. Standard regression analysis is inappropriate for such data, but if certain assumptions are met, a form of regression based on the Poisson distribution can be used. This paper illustrates the use of Poisson regression in the computer package GLIM with an example from historical geography. Apprentice migration to Edinburgh is regressed on a combination of categorical, count, and continuous explanatory variables.     

Geology and desert fieldwork in Oman

Collecting geological data in the desert of east-central Oman is very different from working in temperate countries. The fieldwork depends largely on traditional methods, combined with the advantage of modern aids such as the Global Positioning System and radio communication. The information gained on the ground, followed up by modern laboratory and computing techniques in the UK, is being used to shed light on the sedimentological and structural evolution of this fascinating area.     

Two-colour photometric selection of high-redshift galaxies

In this paper we describe a set of models to predict the colours of galaxies over a wide range of redshifts. We present examples of output from the simulations, and discuss their application to the selection of galaxies at high redshifts, particularly through identification of the Lyman break. Additionally we consider the optimal choices of filters for selection at a range of redshifts.
An interface to a subset of the simulations has been made available on the World Wide Web for the benefit of the community at the location http://www-astro.physics.ox.ac.uk/~rejs/research/galcols.html/     

The Basel 1356 earthquake: which fault produced it?

The 1356 Basel earthquake was the strongest event to have shaken NW Europe in the last thousand years. The peculiar location of this historical event makes it possible to relate it to normal faulting along the edges of the Rhine Graben, as well as to reverse faulting along the Jura frontal thrust or to fault reactivation within the Hercynian basement. Alternate hypotheses are discussed and their implications compared taking into account available structural data and results of the morphotectonic study performed in the epicentral area. This study combines field observations with the analysis of SPOT satellite imagery, aerial photographs, and detailed topography. It is concluded that the Basel earthquake most probably reactivated a basement fault (reverse or wrench fault) beneath the shallow-depth aseismic detachment that underlies the Jura Mountains.     

Interactions between tides and other frequencies in the Indonesian seas

Interactions of tidal constituents and the transfer of energy from the tidal frequencies to other frequencies are investigated using 3-D tidal simulations for the Indonesian seas, focusing on an area of active internal tides. Semidiurnal tides strongly affect diurnal tides; however, semidiurnal tides are essentially unaffected by diurnal tides. The semidiurnal and diurnal constituents interact with each other through non-linear interference, both destructive and constructive. Semidiurnal tides generate harmonics at nearly the diurnal frequency and higher vertical wavenumbers. In Ombai Strait, these harmonics are out of phase with the diurnal tides and interact destructively with the diurnal tides, effectively negating the diurnal response in some locations. However, this is not a general response, and interactions differ between locations. Energy is also transferred from both semidiurnal and diurnal tides to other frequencies across the spectrum, with more energy originating from semidiurnal tides. These energy transfers are not homogeneous, and the spectral responses differ between the Makassar and Ombai Straits, with the region east of Ombai showing a more active surface response compared to a more intense benthic response in Makassar. In deep water away from topography, velocity spectra generally follow the Garrett–Munk (GM) relation. However, in areas of internal tide generation, spectral density levels exceed GM levels, particularly between 4 and 8 cycles per day (cpd), indicating increased non-linear interactions and energy transfer through resonant interactions. The model indicates strong surface trapping of internal tides, with surface velocity spectra having significantly higher energy between 4 and 8 cpd even 100 km away from the prominent sill generating the internal tides.     

Sediment budget controls on foredune height: Comparing simulation model results with field data

The form, height and volume of coastal foredunes reflects the long‐term interaction of a suite of nearshore and aeolian processes that control the amount of sand delivered to the foredune from the beach versus the amount removed or carried inland. In this paper, the morphological evolution of more than six decades is used to inform the development of a simple computer model that simulates foredune growth. The suggestion by others that increased steepness of the seaward slope will retard sediment supply from the beach to the foredune due to development of a flow stagnation zone in front of the foredune, hence limiting foredune growth, was examined. Our long‐term data demonstrate that sediment can be transferred from the beach to the foredune, even with a steep foredune stoss slope, primarily because much of the sediment transfer takes place under oblique rather than onshore winds. During such conditions, the apparent aspect ratio of the dune to the oncoming flow is less steep and conditions are not as favourable for the formation of a stagnation zone. The model shows that the rate of growth in foredune height varies as a function of sediment input from the beach and erosion due to storm events, as expected, but it also demonstrates that the rate of growth in foredune height per unit volume increase will decrease over time, which gives the perception of an equilibrium height having been reached asymptotically. As the foredune grows in size, an increasing volume of sediment is needed to yield a unit increase in height, therefore the apparent growth rate appears to slow. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.