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11.
W. P. Wood 《Solar physics》1990,128(2):353-364
The Uchida and Sakurai (1975), Thomas and Scheuer (1982), and Scheuer and Thomas (1981) theory of umbral oscillations as resonant modes of magneto-acoustic-gravity waves is re-examined. For an isothermal atmosphere it is found that the quasi-Alfvén approximation is not a good approximation to the complete linearized wave equations. The new results presented here show that 3 min umbral oscillation periods are fairly insensitive to magnetic field strength above some critical value. For a detailed model umbra (Thomas and Scheuer, 1982) the calculations presented here show that 3 min umbral oscillations do not depend to any great extent on the level of forcing of the oscillations for those magnetic field strengths which are observed in sunspot umbras. Modes outside the 3 min range appear, as the lowest mode, as the level of forcing is placed at deeper and deeper levels in the solar atmosphere.  相似文献   
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We present new 1.45-1.75 μm spectra of Europa's dark non-ice material with a spectral resolution (λ/δλ) of 1200, obtained by using adaptive optics on the Keck telescope to spatially separate the spectrum of the non-ice material from that of the surrounding ice-rich regions. Despite the great increase in spectral resolution over the previous best spectra of the non-ice material, taken with Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) with λ/δλ=66, no new fine-scale spectral structure is revealed. The smoothness of the spectra is inconsistent with available laboratory spectra of crystalline hydrated salts at Europa temperatures, but is more consistent with various combinations of non-crystalline hydrated salts and/or hydrated sulfuric acid, as have been matched to the lower-resolution NIMS spectra.  相似文献   
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Wood  Paul  Martens  Piet 《Solar physics》2003,218(1-2):123-135
We study the process of flux cancellation and filament formation in a nest of three decaying active regions, using data from SOHO MDI and EIT, and Hα images from Meudon and Big Bear. We find that there are no apparent EUV loops connecting the two poles of a cancelling feature prior to and during cancellation, suggesting an absence of coronal magnetic connectivity between these opposite polarity flux patches. We further find that the cancellation occurs at the ends of the Hα sections of the filament and is accompanied by a noticeable increase in Hα intensity and linkage of the Hα sections, but that the locations of the links remain the weakest in Hα absorption. We present our measurements of the amount of flux cancelled at each site and show it is in agreement with an estimate of the axial flux contained in the filament. We also observe two events of flux emergence, and find that they do not influence the filament formation in this case. We compare our results with similar measurements in recent papers and find agreement for the amounts of cancelled flux per patch, except for one case in a young emerging active region, for which we provide an alternative interpretation. We conclude that our measurements of flux cancellation are consistent with both the scenarios in which the filament is formed through ``head-to-tail" linkage, as well as the scenario in which filament flux tubes emerge as a whole from below the photosphere, but that only the former scenario is consistent with the apparent absence of coronal magnetic links between the cancelling magnetic patches.  相似文献   
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We compare the observational properties of the circular polarization in Galactic jet sources with that observed in AGN, and outline the constraints they place on the mechanism responsible for the circular polarization. We also discuss the implications of the time scale of polarization variations on the mechanism responsible for the circular polarization.  相似文献   
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A new compilation of N‐isotope and abundance data for metasedimentary rocks, and hyrdothermal micas that proxy for bulk crust, show systematic patterns. (1) δ15N values of kerogen in Precambrian cherts are more negative relative to siliciclastic counterparts, probably due to a mantle hydrothermal component. (2) There is a secular trend from average δ15N 15.3 ± 1.8‰ in Archean shales, through intermediate values in the Proterozoic, to Phanerozoic counterparts where δ15N averages +3.5‰. (3) Hydrothermal micas in metamorphic hydrothermal systems of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic age that proxy for crust have δ15N within the range of contemporaneous sedimentary rocks. (4) Hydrothermal micas track the secular trend of δ15N for kerogen from 2.7 Ga to the Phanerozoic. (5) Within Precambrian datasets δ15N does not increase with decreasing N content; accordingly, high δ15N values cannot stem either from metamorphism or form Rayleigh fractionation. (6) Previous studies show isotopic shifts during metamorphism are only +1 to +3‰ up to amphibolite facies. Values of 10–24‰ are attributed to a high δ15N Archean atmosphere, a residual signature of CI carbonaceous chondrites where δ15N is +30‰ to + 42‰.  相似文献   
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Thirty borehole temperature–depth profiles in the central and southern Urals, Russia were scrutinized for evidence of ground surface temperature histories. We explored two inversion schemes: a simple ramp inversion in which solutions are parameterized in terms of an onset time and magnitude of change and a more sophisticated functional space inverse algorithm in which the functional form of the solution is left unspecified. To enhance and potentially identify latitudinal differences in the ground surface temperature signal, we subdivided the data into three groups based on geographic proximity and simultaneously inverted the borehole temperature–depth logs. The simultaneous inversions highlighted 13 temperature–depth logs that could not both fit a common ground surface temperature history and a priori models within reasonable bounds. Our results confirm that this is an effective way to reduce site-specific noise from an ensemble of boreholes. Each inversion scheme gives comparable results indicating locally variable warming on the order of 1°C starting between 1800 and 1900 AD. Similarly surface air temperature records from 12 nearby meteorological stations exhibit locally variable warming also on the order of 1°C of warming during the 20th century. To explore the degree to which borehole temperatures and surface air temperature (SAT) time series are responding to the same signal, we average the SAT data into the same three groups and used these averages as a forcing function at the Earth's surface to generate synthetic transient temperature profiles. Root mean square (RMS) misfits between these synthetic temperature profiles and averaged temperature–depth profiles are low, suggesting that first-order curvature in borehole temperatures and variations in SAT records are correlated.  相似文献   
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Summary. Exact spherical harmonic expansions are given for calculating the gravitational and magnetic fields associated with certain uniform solids of revolution. The figures are those made by rotating a conic section about one of its principal axes. The coefficients in the expansions can be computed accurately and efficiently and this approach leads to a very satisfactory method for calculating the fields of geological bodies with approximate circular symmetry about a vertical axis. A complete theory of convergence is given for the expansions. Somewhat unexpectedly, the sphere of convergence is determined by the location of a number of equivalent point or line sources that lie within the body or on its edges.  相似文献   
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