全文获取类型
收费全文 | 44969篇 |
免费 | 813篇 |
国内免费 | 719篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1115篇 |
大气科学 | 3863篇 |
地球物理 | 9257篇 |
地质学 | 14814篇 |
海洋学 | 4463篇 |
天文学 | 9714篇 |
综合类 | 177篇 |
自然地理 | 3098篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 285篇 |
2020年 | 359篇 |
2019年 | 380篇 |
2018年 | 834篇 |
2017年 | 784篇 |
2016年 | 1125篇 |
2015年 | 794篇 |
2014年 | 1123篇 |
2013年 | 2356篇 |
2012年 | 1310篇 |
2011年 | 1860篇 |
2010年 | 1553篇 |
2009年 | 2124篇 |
2008年 | 1923篇 |
2007年 | 1830篇 |
2006年 | 1716篇 |
2005年 | 1548篇 |
2004年 | 1459篇 |
2003年 | 1392篇 |
2002年 | 1290篇 |
2001年 | 1136篇 |
2000年 | 1141篇 |
1999年 | 1059篇 |
1998年 | 943篇 |
1997年 | 950篇 |
1996年 | 805篇 |
1995年 | 750篇 |
1994年 | 649篇 |
1993年 | 589篇 |
1992年 | 604篇 |
1991年 | 547篇 |
1990年 | 575篇 |
1989年 | 503篇 |
1988年 | 480篇 |
1987年 | 562篇 |
1986年 | 513篇 |
1985年 | 621篇 |
1984年 | 709篇 |
1983年 | 677篇 |
1982年 | 626篇 |
1981年 | 563篇 |
1980年 | 525篇 |
1979年 | 495篇 |
1978年 | 483篇 |
1977年 | 449篇 |
1976年 | 387篇 |
1975年 | 407篇 |
1974年 | 396篇 |
1973年 | 396篇 |
1972年 | 232篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
91.
P. Rodríguez-Gil B. T. Gänsicke H.-J. Hagen S. Araujo-Betancor A. Aungwerojwit C. Allende Prieto D. Boyd J. Casares D. Engels O. Giannakis E. T. Harlaftis J. Kube H. Lehto I. G. Martínez-Pais R. Schwarz W. Skidmore A. Staude M. A. P. Torres 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,377(4):1747-1762
92.
Elementary cluster analysis of induced seismicity in a South African gold mine has shown that there is a clear interaction amongst the clusters; and that the level of the interaction is a function of the distance. The clusering algorithm used is an adaptation of the single-link cluster analysis which considers both three-dimensional space and time. A high level of interaction between the clusters is demonstrated from the cross-correlation analysis of seismic activity rates and radiated energy. A distinct decrease in the value of correlation coefficients was detectable as distance increased. This was somewhat surprising, considering the simplicity of the technique used. Since no attempt is made to study the physical mechanisms of interaction, these results are very preliminary, but interesting from an observational point of view. 相似文献
93.
The study of trace metal speciation has benefited from a great deal of interest leading to the development and the diversification of sequential extraction schemes (SES), which triggered the need for harmonization by the standard, measurements and testing programme (SM & T). However, some uncertainties still persist in the application of the harmonized 3-step protocol, because of the difficulty in conceptualizing a technique that can be applied to environmental samples irrespective of their nature. The alternative method proposed in this study is based on the solubility of the sample components progressively dissolved during the course of an acidimetric titration by 1 mol L−1 HCl. The major HCl-reactive mineralogical components are identified using mass balance calculation of H+ consumed by their dissolution together with the amount of major elements released into solution. The speciation of minor and trace elements is investigated by comparing their titrations to those of the major elements. This approach is much simpler than SES because it uses simple non-selective H+ at room temperature instead of a complex experimental design of so-called specific reagents. The different mineral components of the solid are no longer operationally defined and the problem of selectivity is irrelevant to the titration approach. The method was applied to several sediment samples from the Scheldt estuary and the particulate phase was further examined by Scanning Electron Microprobe and X-ray Diffraction techniques. The nearly complete consumption of H+ in the suspension is balanced by the total dissolution of carbonates and Fe-oxyhydroxides. In contrast to the speciation inferred from the Tessier SES, the acidimetric titration has demonstrated that the carbonate phase does not significantly contain trace metals with the exceptions of 40% of the Mn and 30% of the Co. In contrast, the Fe-oxyhydroxides seem to play a major role and account for 70% of Pb and 20% of Cr, in addition to 60% of P and additional amounts of 20% Co and 40% Mn. 70% of the Cu also occur in the oxyhydroxide phase, more likely coprecipitated with gibbsite. 90% of the Cd and 85% of Zn can be attributed to the Acid Volatile Sulfide (AVS) phase as evidenced from S titration. The acidimetric titration method not only provides information on the speciation of trace metals but also allows the quantification of their reactivity and mobility, if one considers that the titration roughly mimics pH changes that may occur as a result of chemical disequilibrium in the environment. The results demonstrate the potential of the acidimetric titration as an alternative to SES protocols in geochemical and environmental regulation studies. This method is applicable to a wide variety of environmental materials with little or minor adjustments. 相似文献
94.
95.
Robert W. Luth 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1995,122(1-2):152-158
The carbonation reaction CaMg(CO3)2 (dolomite)+2SiO2 (coesite)=CaMgSi2O6 (diopside)+2 CO2 (vapor) has been determined experimentally between 3.5 and 6 GPa in a multiple-anvil, solid-media apparatus. This reaction,
a candidate for carbonation of eclogites (garnet+clinopyroxene) in the Earth’s mantle, lies at higher pressure for a given
temperature than do the carbonation reactions for peridotites (olivine+orthopyroxene±clinopyroxene). A depth interval may
exist within the Earth’s mantle under either ‘normal’ or ‘subduction’ thermal regimes where carbonated peridotite could coexist
with carbonate-free, CO2-bearing eclogite.
Received: 25 May 1994/Accepted: 13 June 1995 相似文献
96.
Graça Cabeçadas M. José Brogueira M. Gelena Cavaco Célia Gonçalves 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(2):201-210
Although the circulation of intermediate water masses in the eastern North Atlantic remains poorly defined, the presence of
fresher intermediate waters, the Sub-Artic (SAIW) and the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), as well the saline intermediate
Mediterranean Water (MW), has been tracked using biogeochemical properties. Here we assess the hydrographic and chemical structures
of intermediate waters along the western Portuguese margin by examining the vertical distributions and property-property plots
of chemical tracers (oxygen and nutrients). AAIW was traced by low oxygen and high nutrients, while SAIW was recognized by
low nutrients. The Mediterranean Water (MW) undercurrent is shown to spread towards the eastern flank of Gorringe bank. Concurrently,
the fresher waters gained salt by direct incorporation of MW, while this water was enriched in nutrients on its way northward
and westward owing, to a great extent, to the entrainment of an AAIW branch. The distributions of nutrients and apparent oxygen
utilization are discussed in terms of regional ocean circulation. Our analysis suggests a circulation pattern of the various
intermediate waters along the western Portuguese margin: MW extends all over the area, but its presence is more pronounced
around cape St. Vincent; SAIW apparently moves southward, reaching the Gorringe bank region, and AAIW flows northward along
the coast and around the bank. 相似文献
97.
Robert Chapman Robert S. Priddey Nial R. Tanvir 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(3):1515-1522
There is increasing evidence of a local population of short duration gamma-ray bursts (sGRB), but it remains to be seen whether this is a separate population to higher redshift bursts. Here we choose plausible luminosity functions (LFs) for both neutron star binary mergers and giant flares from soft gamma repeaters (SGR), and combined with theoretical and observed Galactic intrinsic rates we examine whether a single progenitor model can reproduce both the overall Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) sGRB number counts and a local population, or whether a dual progenitor population is required. Though there are large uncertainties in the intrinsic rates, we find that at least a bimodal LF consisting of lower and higher luminosity populations is required to reproduce both the overall BATSE sGRB number counts and a local burst distribution. Furthermore, the best-fitting parameters of the lower luminosity population agree well with the known properties of SGR giant flares, and the predicted numbers are sufficient to account for previous estimates of the local sGRB population. 相似文献
98.
To study the crystal chemistry of bernalite, Fe(OH)3, and the nature of the octahedral Fe3+ environment, Mössbauer spectra were recorded from 80 to 350 K, optical spectra were recorded at room temperature and a sample was studied using transmission electron microscopy. The Mössbauer spectrum of bernalite consists of a single six-line magnetic spectrum at 80 K. A broadened six-line magnetic spectrum with significantly less intensity is observed at higher temperatures, and is attributed to a small fraction of bernalite occurring as small particles. The variation of hyperfine magnetic field data for bulk bernalite with temperature is well described by the Weiss molecular field model with parameters of H
0 = 55.7±0.3 T and T
N = 427±5K. The centre shift data were fitted to the Debye model with parameters 0=0.482±0.005 mm/s (relative to -Fe) and M=492±30 K. The quadrupole shift is near zero at 300 K, and does not vary significantly with temperature. Absorption spectra in the visible and near infrared range show three crystal field bands of Fe3+ at 11 300, 16000 and 23 200 cm-1, giving a crystal field splitting of 14 570 cm-1 and Racah parameters of B=629 cm-1 and C=3381 cm-1. Infrared reflection spectra show two distinct OH-stretching frequencies, which could correspond to two structurally different types of OH groups. A band was also observed at 2250 cm-1, suggesting the presence of molecular CO2 in the large cation site. Analytical transmission electron microscopy indicates that Si occurs within the bernalite structure as well as along domain boundaries. Electron diffraction and imaging show that bernalite is polysynthetically twinned along {100} planes with twin domains ranging from 3 to 20 nm in thickness. Results are discussed with respect to the nature of the octahedral Fe3+ site, and compared with values for other iron oxides and hydroxides. 相似文献
99.
Impact of Earth radiation pressure on GPS position estimates 总被引:2,自引:8,他引:2
C. J. Rodriguez-Solano U. Hugentobler P. Steigenberger S. Lutz 《Journal of Geodesy》2012,86(5):309-317
GPS satellite orbits available from the International GNSS Service (IGS) show a consistent radial bias of up to several cm
and a particular pattern in the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) residuals, which are suggested to be related to radiation pressure
mismodeling. In addition, orbit-related frequencies were identified in geodetic time series such as apparent geocenter motion
and station displacements derived from GPS tracking data. A potential solution to these discrepancies is the inclusion of
Earth radiation pressure (visible and infrared) modeling in the orbit determination process. This is currently not yet considered
by all analysis centers contributing to the IGS final orbits. The acceleration, accounting for Earth radiation and satellite
models, is introduced in this paper in the computation of a global GPS network (around 200 IGS sites) adopting the analysis
strategies from the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). Two solutions covering 9 years (2000–2008) with and without
Earth radiation pressure were computed and form the basis for this study. In previous studies, it has been shown that Earth
radiation pressure has a non-negligible effect on the GPS orbits, mainly in the radial component. In this paper, the effect
on the along-track and cross-track components is studied in more detail. Also in this paper, it is shown that Earth radiation
pressure leads to a change in the estimates of GPS ground station positions, which is systematic over large regions of the
Earth. This observed “deformation” of the Earth is towards North–South and with large scale patterns that repeat six times
per GPS draconitic year (350 days), reaching a magnitude of up to 1 mm. The impact of Earth radiation pressure on the geocenter
and length of day estimates was also investigated, but the effect is found to be less significant as compared to the orbits
and position estimates. 相似文献
100.
We present here, for the O and B type stars in the Catalogue of Stellar Ultraviolet Fluxes, an approach which does not require
a precise knowledge of spectral type and luminosity class for derivingE(B-V) colour excesses. The method is based on the use of an UV-visual two-colour diagram; galactic variations in the interstellar
extinction law are analyzed and fully taken into account. Our results have been compared with those derived by using the differences
between observed and intrinsic colours for stars with known spectral classification. The very good agreement in a large number
of cases (94 per cent) demonstrates that our approach permits the derivation of reliable colour excess values for early type
stars even if only a rough spectral classification is available. 相似文献