新疆西昆仑科库西里克铅锌矿床地质及元素地球化学特征

新疆西昆仑地区科库西里克铅锌矿床赋存于中元古界长城系大理岩层间断裂带内.本文阐述了该矿床区域地质和地球化学背景,矿体特征及矿石成分,微量元素及稀土元素变化特点,并与区内密西西比型塔木—卡兰古铅锌矿床进行了比较.研究表明,科库西里克铅锌矿床矿体围岩—大理岩微量元素和稀土元素含量高于矿石,Rb、Th明显富集,Ce略富集,Ti亏损;矿石微量元素含量变化较大,Rb正异常明显,Ba、Nb、Zr、Ti负异常,既继承了围岩特征,又保留了成矿热液的成分特点.而塔木—卡兰古铅锌矿床的矿石与围岩的元素地球化学特征一致.据此认为科库西里克铅锌矿床成矿作用受中元古界长城系大理岩和断裂构造控制,成矿过程中有岩浆热液的加入.     

CCSD主孔榴辉岩中磷灰石的矿物化学特征及对榴辉岩中F、Cl、Sr等元素地球化学行为的影响

为探讨榴辉岩中磷灰石的矿物化学特征及榴辉岩中某些相关元素的地球化学行为,对中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔500~540m深度的榴辉岩样品进行了岩石化学及磷灰石的矿物化学分析。这些榴辉岩具有不同的矿物组成和化学成分,并可据此分为上下两段,上段500~530m为正常榴辉岩,下段530~540m为高Ti榴辉岩和高Ti-Fe榴辉岩,其原岩可能为类似于辉长质和苦橄质的基性—超基性岩石。其中的磷灰石成分没有明显差别,均为氟—磷灰石,其富F贫Cl的特征可能是造成榴辉岩中高盐度流体包裹体和全岩高F低Cl的主要原因。磷灰石普遍含有一定的Sr、S、Fe元素,多数还含有Cu、Pb、Zn等元素。榴辉岩中P2O5含量与其F、Cl、Sr、S元素的相关程度表明,磷灰石是榴辉岩中F元素的最主要储存库,也是Sr元素的重要储存库之一,而对于Cl元素则只是部分控制,与S元素则没有相关性。榴辉岩中F、Sr及Cl元素的地球化学行为主要受控于磷灰石,因此,在榴辉岩从进变质—退变质过程中,这些元素的活动性直接受控于磷灰石的稳定性。     

四川会理大岩子铂钯矿的地质地球化学特征及找矿前景浅析

四川会理县大岩子铂钯矿床是目前国内品位最高的独立铂族元素矿床之一,也是一个独特的热液成因矿床。矿区及区域上的镁铁质岩浆岩可能是铂族元素的初始来源,震旦系白云岩是其有利的容矿围岩,构造控制下的热液活动促使了铂族元素的迁移富集。地表氧化带蓝铜矿化白云岩矿石的PGE含量最高可达27.13×10-6,坑道中相对新鲜橄辉岩的PGE含量为1.068×10-6,强烈蚀变橄辉岩含PGE0.528×10-6,地表蚀变后橄辉岩的PGE含量为0.435×10-6,表明铂族元素可能发生了活化转移。整个攀西地区基性超基性岩发育,后期构造活动强烈,有利的围岩广泛分布,因而具备形成热液型铂族元素矿床的条件,找矿前景看好。     

青城子小佟家堡子、林家金矿成矿流体特征及成矿机制

小佟家堡子、林家金矿是青城子铅锌、金、银矿集区的中-大型金矿床,金矿床与沉积-变质期硅化岩关系密切。通过与矿区尖山岩体、新岭岩体中流体包裹体对比研究表明,金矿床与尖山岩体中主要发育水溶液包裹体,极少量的CO2包裹体、含CO2三相包裹体,而新岭岩体除发育以上包裹体外,还发育含子矿物多相包裹体。测温结果显示金矿床成矿流体温度为110～335℃,盐度3．9％～16．2％NaClrq拉曼光谱分析表明金矿床流体成分以H2O为主,少量的CO2、CH4等气体,表明成矿流体属NaCl-H2O体系。金矿床与尖山岩体中流体包裹体温度、盐度及成分相近,推断成矿流体主要来自沉积-变质期。     

珠江口滨海湿地退化现状、原因及保护对策

2007年和2008年秋季对珠江口滨海湿地进行了环境现状综合调查,结果表明,珠江口滨海湿地退化主要表现在4个方面:天然湿地面积减少、湿地生产力不断下降、湿地环境状况持续恶化和湿地景观破碎化。珠江口滨海湿地退化的原因主要为滩涂开发与围填海、污染物排放、养殖污染、海平面上升、过度捕捞、海砂开采和港口码头建设以及水土资源开发等因素。滨海湿地保护与利用对策主要有:制定有关滨海湿地保护的法律法规和湿地保护与利用规划;加强人才队伍建设和滨海湿地有关技术研究;建立滨海湿地动态监测体系;加大滨海湿地保护区建设的力度;加强宣传和教育。     

Extending self-organizing maps for supervised classification of remotely sensed data

An extended self-organizing map for supervised classification is proposed in this paper. Unlike other traditional SOMs, the model has an input layer, a Kohonen layer, and an output layer. The number of neurons in the input layer depends on the dimensionality of input patterns. The number of neurons in the output layer equals the number of the desired classes. The number of neurons in the Kohonen layer may be a few to several thousands, which depends on the complexity of classification problems and the classification precision. Each training sample is expressed by a pair of vectors ： an input vector and a class codebook vector. When a training sample is input into the model, Kohonen＇s competitive learning rule is applied to selecting the winning neuron from the Kohouen layer and the weight coefficients connecting all the neurons in the input layer with both the winning neuron and its neighbors in the Kohonen layer are modified to be closer to the input vector, and those connecting all the neurons around the winning neuron within a certain diameter in the Kohonen layer with all the neurons in the output layer are adjusted to be closer to the class codebook vector. If the number of training sam- ples is sufficiently large and the learning epochs iterate enough times, the model will be able to serve as a supervised classifier. The model has been tentatively applied to the supervised classification of multispectral remotely sensed data. The author compared the performances of the extended SOM and BPN in remotely sensed data classification. The investigation manifests that the extended SOM is feasible for supervised classification.     

Causes of rockfalls in Al-Huwayshah area,Yemen

According to topography of Yemen,most areas and villages are located at obligated crest,toe of mountain and under cliffs.Therefore Al-Huwayshah consisting of Tawilah sandstone group is characterized by steep slope reach to 90° in some areas.This area is affected by strong tectonic movements and faults that occurred during the geological epochs.This effect enhances to find out fractures and joints as well as the rocks become brittle and ready to slide depending on the position of area.And there are some frac...     

Characteristics and evolution of lacustrine turbidite of Chang-7 Member of Yanchang Formation in northern Shaanxi

Lacustrine turbidite of Chang-7 Member in the studied area consists of sihstone and fine sandstone with respect to grain size, which is feldspathic lithie sandstone, syrosem arkose and arkose with respect to mineral constitution affected by provenance. There are such apparent signatures as lithology, sedimentary structure, sedimentary sequence and well logs, to recognize turbidite. During the paleogeographic evolution of Chang-7 Member, lake basin and deep lake are both at their maximum extent during Chang-73 stage, resulting in the deposition of Zhangjiatan shale with widespread extent and of turbidite with fragmental-like. Deep lake line is gradually moving toward lake center and turbidite sand bodies are gradually turning better with better lateral continuity, connectivity and more thickness, from stages of Chang-73, Chang-72 and Chang-7t, which can be favorable reservoir in deep-water.     

上海地区深部构造特征和地震活动趋势探讨

本文介绍由重磁资料计算上海地区居里面、莫霍面、均衡重力异常及地幔流应力场的方法和成果,并在对成果初步分析的基础上,探讨了深部地质构造特征及其与地震活动趋势的关系,其中着重讨论了居里面及其与地震活动的关系。文章最后提出了对上海地区地震活动趋势的几点认识。     

Geological - Geophysical - Geochemical Exploration Models of Copper - Iron Deposits in Southeastern Hubei

This paper discusses geological-geophysical-geochemical models of such typical deposits as the Tieshan-type Fe-Cu deposit, the Tonglushan-type Cu-Fe deposit, the Yehuaxiang-type Cu deposit, the Jiguanzui-type Cu-Au deposit, and the Tongshankou-type Cu (Mo) deposit. The models were established based on practical data of the polymetallic deposits dominated by copper ore in southeastern Hubei. These models, which are graphically illustrated in the paper, systematically summarize the metallogenic geological conditions and the geophysical-geochemical characteristics of copper deposits in this area. The models are of practical significance for studying copper deposits, predicting mineral resources, choosing exploration methods, and searching for ore deposits based on existing ones in the study area.