Mercury indicating inflow zones and ruptures along the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake fault

Acta Geochimica - During the Wenchuan Fault Scientific Drilling Project, we determined the values of total mercury (HgT) and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) from drilled cores and drilling mud,...     

绵阳地区白垩系岩石风化过程的生态效应

论述了四川绵阳地区白垩系七曲寺组砂岩、泥岩风化过程的信息动态及其对森林植被的生态效应，为长江上游水土保持防护林提供开发信息。     

460铀矿床成矿构造背景

４６０矿床为一个大型斑岩型铀－钼矿床。晚侏罗世近东西向分布的火山岩系为铀元素的预富集打下了基础。白垩纪流纹斑岩为其主要的成矿母岩，可能为ＮＥ向展布。早第三纪末期的热液活动使铀进一步富集成矿，在区域应力场作用下，矿体呈ＮＷ走向。晚第三纪的表生淋积作用，使矿体上部近地表处形成次生富集带。基于上述研究，可以进一步明确此类矿床的找矿方向。     

Comparative studies of glacier mass balance and their climatic implications in Svalbard, Northern Scandinavia, and Southern Norway

On the basis of the data of glacier mass balance during 1946?C2005 over Svalbard, Northern Scandinavia, and Southern Norway, the characteristics of glacier mass-balance are analyzed, and its sensitivity to climate change is calculated using a simple degree-day model. The mass balance of glaciers in these three regions reached maximum or comparatively high values in the late 1980s or the early 1990s. After that there was an accelerating negative tendency. A glacier with more positive mass balance has a higher sensitivity to equilibrium-line altitude (or climate) change and vice versa. On average, the mass loss during the entire period in these three regions was equivalent to the result of an air temperature rise of 0.32°C relative to zero net balance state. The highest temperature increase is found in Svalbard, and is 0.55°C; however, a rise of only 0.12°C is found in Southern Norway. The net balance sensitivity to a hypothetical air temperature increase of +1°C ranges from ?0.31 to ?1.03?m?w.e.?a^?1, and the net balance sensitivity to an assumed increase in snow precipitation of +10% varies from +0.05 to +0.37?m?w.e.?a^?1; thus, a 31% increase in snow precipitation is needed to compensate for the net mass loss induced by an air temperature increase of +1°C. The summer balance sensitivity to a hypothetical air temperature increase of +1°C varies from ?0.39 to ?0.95?m?w.e.?a^?1, and the winter balance sensitivity to an assumed increase in snow precipitation of +10% ranges from +0.02 to +0.38?m?w.e.?a^?1. This study confirms early findings that maritime glaciers have comparatively higher mass balance sensitivity than continental glaciers.     

“Global warming” versus “climate change”: A replication on the association between political self-identification,question wording,and environmental beliefs

Climate change is one of the greatest threats to humanity and requires immediate action. Schuldt, Konrath, and Schwarz (2011) suggested that beliefs in environmental phenomena can be influenced by the terminology used to describe it: changing question wording from global warming to climate change resulted in a 6.3 percentage point increase in belief in environmental phenomena. This association was moderated by political self-identification, with Republicans being 16.2 percentage points more likely to believe in climate change than in global warming, with Democrats showing no difference. The potential for connotative meanings to shift over time and the sociopolitical changes since the original study, potential policy and environmental campaign implications, and an expansion of these findings to other countries, motivated an attempt to replicate this important finding. This pre-registered study repeated the original procedures in the United States of America and two other countries (United Kingdom and Australia; total N = 5,717). Although question wording no longer had a significant effect on beliefs in climate change/global warming, the association of political self-identification with beliefs in environmental phenomena replicated in all three countries, with Conservatives consistently believing less in climate change/global warming than Liberals. The potential impacts of temporal and methodological differences on the discrepancies between this study's and the original's findings are discussed.     

青海湖盆地史前狩猎采集人群的石料利用策略研究

史前人类向青藏高原扩散的过程和适应高海拔缺氧环境的机制是多学科关注的热点科学问题。青海湖盆地是青藏高原旧石器-中石器时代遗址分布最为丰富的区域,对这些遗址出土的石制品原料的分析有助于深入理解青藏高原史前狩猎采集人群的石料开发策略、人群迁徙和交流联系。青海湖盆地151遗址出土的928件石制品的石料研究分析显示,处于末次冰消期的下文化层的石制品以近源的石英和石英岩为主要原料,而处于全新世早中期的上文化层在同类型近源石料仍占主体地位的情况下,开始出现较高比例和多样化的优质硅质石料,并且主要用于生产细石器。野外调查和查阅地质资料均未发现青海湖盆地内有151遗址中出现的同类型优质硅质石料产出,推测其来自远距离搬运。青海湖盆地内其他8个末次冰消期至全新世中期遗址的3269件石制品石料分析结果显示,与151遗址同类型的远源优质硅质石料在全新世早期开始在盆地内的遗址中出现。这一结果表明青海湖盆地末次冰消期古人类活动强度和范围有限,全新世早中期古人类受到全新世大暖期气候变好和周边地区农业人群兴起挤压活动空间的双重影响,在高原上的活动范围和强度大大增加,伴随着开始有意识地开发优质石料,较频繁地进行远距离迁...     

西南印度洋中脊热液区烃类有机质组成及其成因意义

利用气相色谱(GC)、气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定了西南印度洋中脊49.6°E热液区热液产物中的可溶有机质,结合生物标志物和单体同位素分析,对烃类有机质的组成、来源及成因意义进行了探讨。硫化物烟囱体以正构烷烃(3.437~3.962μg/g)为主要烃类,L/H1,C22以上烷烃具有轻微奇碳数优势(CPI=1.140~1.209),NAR接近0;生物标志物类型丰富(Sq、IS40、烷基环己烷),C31藿烷22S/(R+S)高达0.77,且缺少17β(H),21β(H)构型藿烷;低碳数饱和脂肪酸为主要脂肪酸类型,异构/反异构脂肪酸含量显著,缺少单不饱和脂肪酸。热液蚀变岩以异构烷烃(2.094μg/g)为主要烃类,正构烷烃以低碳数(L/H=1.33)、偶碳优势(CPI=0.377)为特征;脂肪酸以单不饱和脂肪酸为主。结果表明,海洋原生生物体是49.6°E热液区主要的烃类有机质输入源,热液流体温度及化学条件是控制热液喷口区原生生物群落分布及热液产物中烃类有机质组成的主要因素。生物标志物类型显示硫化物烟囱体中具有产甲烷古菌与硫酸盐还原菌共存的现象,反映出热液流体中富含H2,表明49.6°E热液区具有非生物合成烃类的可能。     

Study of geothermal water intrusion due to groundwater exploitation in the Puebla Valley aquifer system, Mexico

Significant intrusion of geothermal water into fresh groundwater takes place in the Puebla Valley aquifer system, Mexico. The decline in the potentiometric surface due to the overexploitation of the groundwater induces this intrusion. This hydrological system comprises three aquifers located in Plio-Quaternary volcanic sediments and Mesozoic calcareous rocks. The hydraulic balance of the aquifer shows that the annual output exceeds the natural inputs by 12 million m³. Between 1973 and 2002, a drop in the potentiometric surface, with an 80 m cone of depression, was identified in a 5-km-wide area located southwest of the city of Puebla. Chemical analyses performed on water samples since 1990 have shown an increase in total dissolved solids (TDS) of more than 500 mg/L, coinciding with the region showing a cone of depression in the potentiometric surface. A three-dimensional flow and transport model, based on the hydrogeological and geophysical studies, was computed by using the MODFLOW and MT3D software. This model reproduces the evolution of the aquifer system during the last 30 years and predicts for 2010 an additional drawdown in the potentiometric surface of 15 m, and an increase in the geothermal water intrusion.     

韧性剪切带位移量统计方法评述——以西秦岭元家坪韧性剪切带为例

韧性剪切带位移量的计算方法较多 ,每一种方法都有它适用的范围 ,应根据区域地质特点选择适宜的方法进行计算。在对元家坪韧性剪切带位移量的计算中 ,对其方法进行了比较 ,认为应用多种方法计算及验证 ,能得出较准确的位移量。     

用石灰桩加固软弱地基

石灰桩作为一种技术可靠、经济快速的软弱地基加固方法已得到了广泛应用。本文介绍了武汉岩土力学研究所近一年来利用石灰桩处理软弱地基的成功经验。现场检测表明，对于单层和多层工业与民用建筑而言，采用石灰桩可以使软弱地基获得良好加固且满足设计要求。文中还对石灰桩的加固机理进行了简要分析。