城市大气气溶胶的物理化学特性及其对人体健康的影响

根据在北京、重庆、上海等城市大气气溶胶的观测结果和气溶胶中有机化学成分的有关资料,分析城市地区大气气溶胶的浓度、尺度谱分布、日变化规律及其化学成分的谱分布特征,并与干净地区的结果作比较,进而探讨了大气气溶胶对人体健康的影响。     

Strategic transformation of regionalization for the agricultural comprehensive development: The example of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China

Strategic transformation of regionalization for agricultural comprehensive development (ACD) was presented by the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China (MOF) in 2014. The regionalization is the premise and basis of the sustainable development and improved competitiveness for agriculture. Based on the environmental resources related to agriculture, such as cropland, climate, water resources, terrain, geomorphology, patterns of the ACD projects, distribution of ecological planning, etc., we devised 13 indices using the geographic comprehensive regionalization method. The indices took into account a combination of dynamic and static, qualitative and quantitative, as well as agricultural and ecological factors. The strategic transformation of regionalization for the ACD in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China was performed; seven types were included: prioritized regions, prioritized and restricted regions, protected regions, protected and restricted regions, restricted and prioritized regions, restricted and protected regions, and restricted regions. A further 24 subtypes were used based on locations and ecological zones. The regionalization results showed that prioritized regions were mainly in northern Ningxia, the most suitable area for agriculture. The protected and restricted regions were in central and southern Ningxia. In the central part, drought was the limiting factor for agriculture, and water conservation projects there should be supported. The ecological environment is fragile in southern Ningxia, so there is a need for ecologically sound agriculture to be developed in this region. Such regionalization could achieve two goals, namely agricultural conservation and eco-environmental protection. It was performed following the requirement for scientific regionalization to include three types of regions (prioritized regions, protected regions, and restricted regions), and was applied at the township scale in a provincial or autonomous region for the first time. The results provide both guidance for the strategic transformation of the ACD in Ningxia, and a reference for similar work in other provinces.     

中国城市群热岛效应时空演变及其影响因素分析

基于长期不透水面和MODIS地表温度数据,分析2000—2015年中国城市群扩张及热岛效应时空演变,进而综合采用冗余分析(RDA)、线性回归分析和变异分配分析(VPA)等方法,揭示城市群城市热岛效应的驱动机制。结果表明：城市群内建成区面积快速扩张,不透水面比例从2000年2.08%增长到2015年5.33%,且主要集中于珠江三角洲等沿海城市群;2000—2015年,夏季热岛分布较广,且白天强度高于夜晚。东部以及大部分北部城市群如哈长城市群等,降温强度较大,但其夜晚热岛效应在不同程度增强。冬季夜晚比白天热岛分布广、强度高,北方、西北、东部等地区夜晚热岛效应也在增强;自然环境因素显著影响城市群热岛强度,降水对夏季夜晚热岛强度起显著负贡献(22%),纬度越高,冬季夜晚热岛强度也越高。人为因素显著影响夜晚热岛分布和城市群内热岛强度的平衡,城市植被覆盖显著减少夜晚城市群内热岛分布,灯光强度对夏季夜晚热岛强度起显著负贡献(24%),对热岛比例起显著正贡献(27%),人口密度对夏季夜晚热岛强度起显著负贡献(31%);自然环境因素对热岛强度的贡献占主导,而人为干扰因素对热岛比例的贡献占主导。     

The equal area law of asymptotically AdS black holes in extended phase space

According to Maxwell’s equal area law we study the “real” phase diagram of the charged AdS black hole and the Kerr-AdS black hole. In the extended phase space constructed by treating the cosmological constant as pressure, the two kinds of AdS black hole display themselves like van der Waals system. Under the critical temperature T _c , there exists a regime where the condition of stable equilibrium will be violated. We employ the equal area law to find an isobar which is the real two phase coexistence line. As a byproduct we find a simple method to derive the critical value of the thermodynamic quantities.     

自流井水温固体潮效应及其应变响应能力

井水温度观测是一项重要的地震前兆观测手段,旨在捕捉地震孕育过程中的应力-应变信息。水温固体潮效应作为地壳应力-应变信息的真实反映和地震前兆观测的干扰因素,具有重要的研究意义。本文首先依据对自流井中热状态的分析,认为自流井水温固体潮效应可能主要存在两种机制,即热传导机制和热对流机制;据此,推导出热传导机制中水温与固体潮体应变变化的定量关系;最后以流量相对较大的本溪自流井为例进行分析。结果表明,本溪井水温固体潮效应是热传导机制和热对流机制共同作用的结果,其中,热传导机制起主要作用。     

大气气溶胶的粒度谱分布函数及其随高度的变化

本文对用光学粒子计数器在飞机上测量的大气气溶胶数密度-粒度谱分布进行了分析研究.根据对气溶胶谱形成过程的分析,指出大气气溶胶是四种气溶胶体系的混合物,需要用四个正态分布函数的和来描述大气气溶胶的体积-粒度谱分布.用非线性最小二乘法计算了谱分布函数的经验参数;研究了粒子浓度、体积、及粒度谱分布函数随高度的变化.观测资料表明,在大气温度和湿度水平均匀、层结稳定的情况下,气溶胶粒子浓度水平分布不均匀,而且垂直方向上也并不随高度单调递减.     

Research on Characteristics of Density Current Under the Action of Waves

In this paper,the characteristics of density current under the action of waves are describedwith the help of flume experiment and theoretical analysis.The study shows that turbid water under the ac-tion of the waves can present three types of motion,i.e.significant stratification,fragile stratification andstrong mixing.The motion of turbid water presents significant stratification when(H/D)/△ρ/ρ~(1/2)≤4.5,generally this state is known as density current.The formulas of motionvelocity,thickness,and discharge of density current moving on horizontal bottom are derived by use of ba-sic equations such as momemtum equation,equation of energy conservation and continuity equation offluid.The time-average velocity and the thickness of density current under the action of waves have a rela-tionship with such parameters as relative density(△ρ/ρ),wave height(H),and water depth(D).Whenthese parameters are determined,the time-average thickness and motion velocity of density current are al-so determined.The relat     

信阳-舒城断裂带西段石榴云母片岩中石榴石的矿物学特征及其构造意义

桐柏山地区信阳-舒城断裂带西段石榴云母片岩中石榴石变斑晶保留了较多岩石形成过程中的变形-变质信息,它真实地反映了中国南北两大板块缝合带的形成条件和演化历史.石榴石探针成分分析结果表明其属于铁铝榴石,反映出经受中级区域变质作用的特征.在Nadi石榴石成分与变质带的关系图上主要投影在略偏石榴石带的蓝晶石带内,显示岩石遭受了...     

江面平流雾的数值研究

本文利用二维平流雾模式研究了海上暖湿空气平流到长江冷水面上形成平流雾的过程,对影响平流雾形成的两个主要因子(水面温度水平梯度和平流风速)与平流雾区的关系进行了数值研究,为江面平流雾的预报提供了思路.     

都市水源区村域社会−生态系统脆弱性空间分异的地理影响模式——以上海市青浦区为例

以上海市青浦区为例,采用数据包络模型、空间自相关模型、多元Logistic回归模型、地理探测器和层次聚类模型分析该区184个行政村社会?生态系统脆弱性的空间差异及地理影响机制。研究表明：① 基于熵权集结交叉的“投入?产出”效率模型对村域社会?生态系统脆弱性评价结果更具可信度和精确性,2018年行政村社会?生态系统脆弱性空间上呈由东向西逐渐降低的变化趋势,脆弱性均值为0.583;② 地理因素对经济发达村域社会?生态系统脆弱性空间分异仍旧具有重要影响。距上海市中心距离、距淀山湖距离、距青浦区中心距离和水域面积成为影响该区社会?生态系统脆弱性的4种主导地理因素,其地理影响力呈现系统结构空间差异和种类属性替代及程度转化;③ 依据地理因素影响力聚类分析将该区社会?生态系统脆弱性地理因素空间耦合模式分为10种,多地理因素耦合模式是主要决定类型,呈现中部多因素主导和两侧单因素主导并存的多元环状地域决定格局;针对不同类型提出调控区域社会?生态系统脆弱性的可行方式。