Development and carbon sequestration of tropical peat domes in south-east Asia: links to post-glacial sea-level changes and Holocene climate variability

Tropical peatlands of SE-Asia represent a significant terrestrial carbon reservoir of an estimated 65 Gt C. In this paper we present a comprehensive data synthesis of radiocarbon dated peat profiles and 31 basal dates of ombrogenous peat domes from the lowlands of Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo and integrate our peatland data with records of past sea-level and climate change in the region. Based on their developmental features three peat dome regions were distinguished: inland Central Kalimantan (Borneo), Kutai basin (Borneo) and coastal areas across the entire region. With the onset of the Holocene the first peat domes developed in Central Kalimantan as a response to rapid post-glacial sea-level rise over the Sunda Shelf and intensification of the Asian monsoon. Peat accumulation rates in Central Kalimantan strongly declined after 8500 cal BP in close relation to the lowering rate of the sea-level rise and possibly influenced by the regional impact of the 8.2 ka event. Peat growth in Central Kalimantan apparently ceased during the Late Holocene in association with amplified El Niño activity as exemplified by several truncated peat profiles. Peat domes from the Kutai basin are all younger than ～8300 cal BP. Peat formation and rates of peat accumulation were driven by accretion rates of the Mahakam River and seemingly independent of climate. Most coastal peat domes, the largest expanse of SE-Asian peatlands, initiated between 7000 and 4000 cal BP as a consequence of a Holocene maximum in regional rainfall and the stabilisation and subsequent regression of the sea-level. These boundary conditions induced the highest rates of peat accumulation of coastal peat domes. The Late Holocene sea-level regression led to extensive new land availability that allowed for continued coastal peat dome formation until the present. The time weighted mean Holocene peat accumulation rate is 0.54 mm yr^?1 for Central Kalimantan, 1.89 mm yr^?1 for Kutai and 1.77 mm yr^?1 for coastal domes of Sumatra and Borneo. The mean Holocene carbon sequestration rates amount to 31.3 g C m^?2 yr^?1 for Central Kalimantan and 77.0 g C m^?2 yr^?1 for coastal sites, which makes coastal peat domes of south-east Asia the spatially most efficient terrestrial ecosystem in terms of long term carbon sequestration.     

ON CHANGES OF CHINA'S MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES IN 1951——1990

Based on China's observational data in 1951-1990,after minimizing the possible biasescaused by station relocation and urban heat island,the spatial and temporal distributions of trendsfor maximum and minimum temperatures are studied.The results show that increasing trends ofmaximum temperatures are in the areas west to 95°E,and north to the Huanghe(Yellow)River,while decreasing trends exist in eastern China south to the Yellow River.Minimum temperaturesare generally increasing throughout China,with dominant warming trends at the higher latitudes.This resulted in very obvious decreasing trends in diurnal temperature ranges.The periodic cycles are consistent between the maximum and minimum temperatures,butasymmetric trends are very obvious.The significant increase of minimum(nighttime)temperaturesreflects the evidence of enhancement of greenhouse effect.Further analysis shows that the changesof maximum and minimum temperatures are mainly related to sunshine duration and atmosphericwater vapor content.     

湖北省郧县恐龙化石分布地区古地磁学初步研究

湖北郧县梅铺－带晚白垩世地层以盛产恐龙化石闻名于国内外，在大量地质工作研究的基础上进行了古地磁学研究，给出了该区的古应力方向，为该区建立国家地质公园和地质科学考察研究中心、地学科普教育基地提供了基础参考数据。     

对阿尔金断裂科学问题的再认识

据近年内阿尔金断裂研究的进展阐述了应深入解决的4个科学问题及其研究思路:1)阿尔金大型走滑断裂何时发生?变形年代学研究证明阿尔金断裂初始走滑的年龄在89～97 Ma,即从晚中生代-早新生代才开始出现;2)运动学研究包括隆升与走滑两个方面,需要进行大比例尺度的构造研究和变形组构研究,尤其是断裂两盘错距的确定,必须找准被断裂错移的同一构造-岩相带的界线;3)阿尔金断裂的划分意义,它的延伸和规模及对中国西部以及中亚大陆构造格架的影响;4)阿尔金断裂对两侧盆地沉积-构造演化的控制和影响.解决上述4个科学问题,对于重新认识中国西部大陆构造格架、中国西部成矿带的展布及对中国西部找油的战略评估都具有非常重要的意义.     

应用探地雷达技术检测隧道衬砌质量

介绍了应用探地雷达检测隧道衬砌质量的原理及技术,阐述了该技术的基本方法及其数据图像处理过程。老木峪隧道衬砌质量检测结果表明,应用探地雷达技术检测隧道衬砌效果良好,其衬砌厚度检测误差在 5 %之内,并能准确检测出衬砌内布筋数量,对回填层密实程度也可作出粗略估计。     

河西内陆河地表水与地下水转化及水资源利用率研究

河西内陆河水资源产生于祁连山区 ,河流出山以后依次穿越山前洪积扇、走廊南部盆地、北部盆地 ,最后进入尾闾湖 .由于山前洪积扇、南北盆地及河床具有良好的通透性和巨大的蓄水能力使地表水易于转化为地下水 ,出山水量的很大一部分渗入地下避免无效蒸散损耗 ;同时由于特殊的串珠状水文地质盆地构造 ,水资源具有同源性和多次转化特点 ,使水资源的利用率大大提高 .研究表明 ,1999年河西水资源总量为 6 3 79× 10 8m3 ,其中 ,地表水资源量为 5 8 36× 10 8m3 ,地下水资源量为 5 6 39× 10 5m3 ,地表水与地下水重复计算量高达 5 0 96× 10 5m3 .三个流域水资源利用率达到 6 1 4%～ 2 11%     

STUDY ON DYNAMICS OF TROPICAL CISK-ROSSBY WAVES AND MECHANISM OF 30-50 DAY OSCILLATIONS

To add to the growing mature research on the tropical 30-50 day oscillations from a new prospective, the current work bases on dynamic analysis of baroclinic quasi-geostrophic models to discuss dynamic mechanisms for the generation and propagation of CISK-Rossby waves, and to understand restraints and effects of different wave structures and thermodynamic forcing on the 30-50 day oscillations in the tropical atmosphere. Some important properties of the oscillation propagation have been explained and, in detail, with respect to its meridional propagation and vertical “baroclinic” structure. The work has come up with some new opinions and viewpoints. New opinions about the propagation and energy dispersion are to be proved by more observations and study.     

SST THERMAL FORCING – A DISCUSSION ON THE MECHANISM OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION

Dynamic and numerical methods are used to discuss the atmospheric response to SST thermal forcing. The results show that for planetary scale systems, the standing SST thermal forcing can quickly excite a stable atmospheric equilibrium state response, which is characterized by obvious large-scale teleconnection oscillation in east-west and south-north directions. For synoptic scale systems, the SST thermal forcing mainly excites the atmospheric low-frequency oscillation. Some basic relation and dynamic processes between SST thermal forcing and atmospheric response pattern are revealed and some new viewpoints are presented.     

基于GIS的复杂地形洪水淹没区计算方法

利用GIS技术计算洪水淹没区范围一直是灾害评估研究中的一个热点问题。通过给出两种情形下基于种子蔓延算法的淹没区计算方法，即有源 淹没和无源淹没。淹没区计算精度主要取决于空间数据精度的优劣；种子蔓延算法及探测分辨率决定了整个模型的效率。文中最后给出了该模型在“水利综合管理信息系统”中得到验证和实现的实例。