Spatial and seasonal variations in the trophic spectrum of demersal fish assemblages in Jiaozhou Bay,China

Trophic structure of fish communities is fundamental for ecosystem-based fisheries management, and trophic spectrum classifies fishes by their positions in food web, which provides a simple summary on the trophic structure and ecosystem function. In this study, both fish biomass and abundance trophic spectra were constructed to study the spatial and seasonal variations in the trophic structure of demersal fish assemblages in Jiaozhou Bay, China. Data were collected from four seasonal bottom trawl surveys in Jiaozhou Bay from February to November in 2011. Trophic levels(TLs) of fishes were determined by nitrogen stable isotope analysis. This study indicated that most of these trophic spectra had a single peak at trophic level(TL) of 3.4–3.7, suggesting that demersal fish assemblages of Jiaozhou Bay were dominated by secondary consumers(eg. Pholis fangi and Amblychaeturichthys hexanema). The spatial and seasonal variations of trophic spectra of Jiaozhou Bay reflected the influence of fish reproduction, fishing pressure and migration of fishes. Two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) showed that seasonal variations in trophic spectra in Jiaozhou Bay were significant(P 0.05), but variations among different areas were not significant( P 0.05). The trophic spectrum has been proved to be a useful tool to monitor the trophic structure of fish assemblages. This study highlighted the comprehensive application of fish biomass and abundance trophic spectra in the study on trophic structure of fish assemblages.     

Polygonal faulting and petroleum geological significance of Qn1 formation in the Sanzhao Sag,Songliao BasinEI北大核心CSCD

Numerous small-scaled, extensional faults occur densely in the mudstone layer of the Qingshankou 1st member (Qn1) in Songliao Basin. Its attribute and genetic mechanism are highly concerned but still controversy. The high-resolution 3D seismic datasets of a new block that covers most of the Sanzhao sag of Songliao Basin is studied., The characteristics of the profile and plane geometry of the extensional fracture system in the Sanzhao sag were depicted in detail through fine seismic interpretation using coherent technology. Based o the results, we proposed that: (1) The extensional fault system is mainly polygonal fault, which probably resulted from rupture pressure related to the episodic hydrocarbon-expulsion from the mudstone of Qn1. However, the tectonic inversion in Songliao Basin may also contribute to the formation and development of the polygonal fault system; (2) The polygonal faults were mainly formed by the end of deposition period of the Nenjiang Formation, and some experienced vertical direction propagation caused by the strong tectonic inversion at the end of deposition period of the Mingshui Formation; (3) The polygonal faults connect the Qn1 hydrocarbon source rock with the underlying Fuyang oil layer and the overlying Putaohua oil layer, and thus are important migration channels for the oil and gas accumulation; (4) Until the end of deposition period of the Nenjiang Formation, hydrocarbon generated in the Qn1 mainly migrated downward into the underlying Fuyang oil layer via the small polygonal faults rather than upwards to the Putaohua oil layer. On the contrary, by the end of deposition period of the Mingshui Formation, the oils from Qn1 source rock can migrate either downward into the Fuyang oil layer or upward into the Putaohua oil layer. It is noteworthy that the vertical propagation of the polygonal faults induced by the tectonic inversion might also damage the Fuyang accumulations formed earlier. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.     

高精度无人机航测在2021年玛多7.4级地震地表破裂精细研究中的应用

北京时间2021年5月22日,青海省果洛州玛多县发生M_S7.4地震,震中位于巴颜喀拉地块内部,根据震源机制解和野外地表破裂调查确定发震构造为以左旋走滑运动为主的江错断裂。本研究利用大疆Phantom 4 RTK无人机在震后采集大量地表破裂照片,采用集成SfM（Structure from Motion）算法的PhotoScan软件处理获得高分辨率DEM和正射影像,同时结合野外实地考察对研究区地表破裂的分布特征及断错地貌类型进行详细解译。利用基于MATLAB语言开发的位移测量软件LaDiCaoz,限定玛多地震在研究区产生的左旋走滑位移约为0.4 m。地表破裂精细化解译显示,在左旋右阶阶区发育小规模的挤压鼓包和里德尔共轭剪切破裂,在左旋左阶阶区发育走向为N40°～50°E,宽度达数十厘米的张裂缝带,指示发震构造的左旋走滑性质。本研究为震后基于无人机摄影测量技术快速提取地表破裂的定量参数和进行地表破裂精细化研究提供了可行、高效和科学的技术方法。     

State and church in France: regulation and negotiation

In France the distinction between the secular and religious domains is the result of a slow evolutionary process of secularization over a period of two centuries. A key element was the law of separation between churches and State in 1905. Secularization also produced a pluralistic socio-cultural system, which permits an increase in religious supply, issued from outside or inside existent churches. The religious landscape became complex due to the growth of certain groups. Nowadays, efforts to regulate Muslim communities are leading towards a new tendency of state control of religious activities in two fields, namely places of worship and school activities. Religious plurality is recognized by the State in the name of the freedom of beliefs. Private organizations are used for the public practice of religion and easily obtain places of worship. However, this has necessitated a large number of regional or local arrangements. In the name of the freedom of thought, the school system of the Republic is ensured by public schools, or by Catholic or Jewish schools, subject to strict public control. In this matter, there is only minimal tolerance of other denominations.

热带气旋降水监测及评估业务系统

采用热带气旋降水的客观分离方法和实时的热带气旋路径、强度以及同期的气象观测资料建立了热带气旋实时监测与评估系统.系统主要包括热带气旋实时资料接收,热带气旋降水客观分离,热带气旋降水资源评估和对社会经济影响估算以及图形显示等功能.通过降水客观分离方法技术的引入和业务系统的自动化实现,大大提高了对热带气旋影响评估的时效和能力.     

一次强沙尘暴天气过程热力动力场数值模拟分析

本文利用GRAPES模式对2006年4月9日-11日大范围强沙尘暴过程进行了热力动力数值模拟分析,结果表明：整个强沙尘暴天气发生过程中,大气基本上呈稳定层结。西路第一阶段强沙尘暴天气爆发时高值位温下凹区明显下传,西路第二阶段强沙尘暴主要爆发在等位温线密集陡峭的弱稳定层结区域里,其次在高值位温下凹东移区。西北路强沙尘暴爆发时等位温线密集陡峭。暖平流是产生西路第一阶段强沙尘暴的重要热力因子。700hPa冷平流对西北路强沙尘暴的贡献最大,冷平流在河西走廊的骤增对预报西北路强沙尘暴爆发有很好的指示意义。     

黑潮和北大西洋海温异常在2008年1月我国南方雪灾中的可能作用的数值模拟

根据NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA扩展重建海表温度资料,利用中国科学院大气物理研究所全球大气环流谱模式（IAP-T42L9）模拟了大气环流对黑潮区、北大西洋海温异常偏暖的响应特征,并探讨了黑潮区、北大西洋海温异常在2008年1月我国南方雪灾中的作用。通过模拟场与观测场的比较表明,在考虑黑潮区和北大西洋海温异常偏暖的情况下,模式比较成功地模拟出了2008年1月我国南方发生低温、雨雪、冰冻天气的各种主要环流特征。黑潮区海温升高导致东亚沿海位势高度增加,西太平洋副热带高压偏北。它一方面不利于冷空气向下游输送,导致冷空气在我国长江流域及其以南地区堆积;另一方面加强了海洋的暖湿气流及向我国长江流域及其以南地区的水汽输送,为我国南方雨雪天气形成提供了充沛的水汽条件,有利于我国南方低温、雨雪、冰冻天气的持续。北大西洋海温异常偏暖对中高纬地区中西伯利亚阻塞高压的形成有重要作用。受其影响,我国除受东路冷空气活动的影响外,中纬度还不断有西路冷空气随着西风带槽脊东移影响我国东部地区。它是导致我国南方低温、雨雪、冰冻天气持续的另一个重要原因。     

2050年前长江流域地表水资源变化趋势

 利用ECHAM5/MPI-OM气候模式预估2001-2050年长江流域不同排放情景（SRES-A2,A1B,B1）下径流深的变化,分析了长江流域地表水资源量的时空变化特征。结果表明：3种排放情景下长江流域多年平均地表水资源量相差不大,但不同排放情景下年际变化特征较为复杂,且变化趋势有所不同。其中,A2高排放情景下地表水资源量呈缓慢减小的趋势,A1B中等排放情景下变化趋势不明显,B1低排放情景下呈相对最为显著的增加趋势。地表水资源量年代际变化波动幅度也较大,2001-2030年3种情景下地表水资源量总体呈现下降特征,但从2030年起,则均表现出不同程度的增加,最高增幅达7.47%,其中尤以夏季和冬季增加显著。模式预估长江流域未来水资源量仍保持目前水平,水资源空间分布不均匀特征仍较为突出。