Geological environment of a methane-rich Recent sedimentary basin in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Two sediment cores collected in Chaleur Trough, Gulf of St. Lawrence are compared in terms of organic geochemistry, sediment texture and foraminifera. One of the cores was collected from a depression and contained methane in the range of 5,970–14,230 ppm, in comparison to 42–106 ppm in the core of open environment. The sediments of the methanerich core are finer, higher in organic carbon, extractable organic matter, plant pigments and contained more diverse foraminiferal assemblages. The results of these geological investigations tend to suggest a relatively fast rate of sedimentation in the depression. This results in the preservation of organic compounds and development of anaerobic subsurface conditions, consequently giving rise to high concentrations of methane through fermentative processes. No other gaseous hydrocarbons were detected hence the possibility of seepage of petroleum gases appears to be remote.     

Influence of marine organic compounds on the engineering properties of a remoulded sediment

Rashid, M.A. and Brown, J.D. 1975. Influence of marine organic compound on the engineering properties of a remoulded sediment. Eng. Geol., 9: 141–154The effect of low to moderate organic content on the engineering properties of a remoulded marine sediment was investigated by classificatin tests, undrained shear-strength tests, consolidation tests and triaxial compression tests. Sediment with a naturally occuring organic content of 2%, was treated to provide 0, 3, and 4% organic matter; first by reaction with hydrogen peroxide to remove the organic matter and then by addition of a naturally occuring humic compound in the latter two cases. In its natural state the sediment was classified as an organic sediment of low plsticity. Addition of the stated amounts of organic content did not result in the sediment being classified as organic; however, the remoulded undrained shear stregnth, the compressability, and the rheological behaivior of the sediment were significantly affected by ht evariations in the organic content. By contrast, the effects of these variations on the specific gravity, permeability, rate of consolidation and consolidated-undrained shear stregnth were not very marked.     

首次回击具有双接地点的地闪光学和电学特征的个例分析

利用成像率为1000幅／s的数字化高速摄像系统和时间分辨率为1μs的快、慢天线闪电电场变化测量仪在广州附近观测到一次首次回击具有两个接地点的负极性地闪。两个分支到达地面的时间间隔约为30μs;在发生回击R2时,其中一个分支的直窜先导发展成为企图先导。观测发现M一分量的发光要比梯级先导强;回击间的K一变化与云中的在击穿和通道的延伸有关,但不引起云地间通道的发光。光学和电场变化的同步观测证实了直窜一梯级先导的发展速度与前一次回击的时间间隔有关,较快的先导发展速度对应于较短的回击时间间隔,较慢的发展速度对应于较长的回击时间间隔。另外,本文在资料分析的基础上,提出了产生双接地点的四种可能原因。     

公路建设中的环境地质灾害及防治对策

文章论述了公路建设中的环境地质灾害问题，并提出了相应的工程对策，对在建和拟建道路工程及环保工作具有指导和参考意义。     

多功能海底大地电磁数据处理软件包

作者在本文中详细地介绍了“863计划”项目“海底大地电磁数据处理和解释系统研究”所取得的成果。本系统功能强大,既能对海底数据进行畸变改正、压制噪声、二维正反演、三维正演,又能对中国南海、东海典型地段进行正演模拟。     

由甘肃宕昌好梯幔源包体推导的上地幔物质组成、热结构和流变学特征

新生代火山岩中的幔源包体可以提供有关上地幔的直接信息。通过对采自甘肃宕昌县好梯乡的幔源橄榄岩包体的详细研究 ,探讨该地区上地幔的热结构和流变学特征 ,并与华北地区进行对比。研究结果表明 ,该区自壳幔边界以下至 75km深处的上地幔主要由尖晶石二辉橄榄岩组成 ,75km以下则主要由石榴石二辉橄榄岩组成 ,方辉橄榄岩只占少数 ;与华北地区没有明显的差异。由包体平衡温度、压力建立的上地幔地温线低于华北地区地温线 ;确定的壳幔边界在 5 2km左右 ,莫霍界面附近为下地壳物质与尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的过渡带 ;岩石圈底界深度约为 12 0km左右。根据包体的研究结果建立了研究区上地幔的差异应力、应变速率和等效黏滞度剖面。结果表明 ,该区新生代时期存在软流层的底辟 ,以及相应的岩石圈的减薄 ,但其规模明显小于华北地区。这些结果表明该区处在中国东部大陆裂谷带和中国中部克拉通块体群的过渡带     

三阶累积量在可控震源地震时间剖面中压制旁瓣的应用

可控震源浅层地震勘探受环境噪声干扰很大，对其接收信号进行预处理时要求分辨率很高。传统的相关运算在很多时候不能满足要求，运算结果中旁瓣偏高，形成假层。由于高阶累积量具有屏蔽高斯噪声的优点，论文以三阶累积量为数学工具进行可控震源地震信号的预处理，仿真实验证明该方法能很好地压制噪声，降低时间剖面中的旁瓣，提高分辨率，消除时间剖面中的假层。     

中国北方主要产铀盆地砂岩型铀矿成矿年代学研究

本文通过用铀矿石的U—Ra平衡系数修正样品的铀含量，再进行U—Pb等时线拟合，获得了北方主要产铀盆地的实际成矿年龄：伊犁盆地为12Ma、5～6Ma、1～2Ma；吐哈盆地为48Ma和28Ma；巴彦塔拉凹陷为7Ma；鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区为107Ma。对含矿砂体中的碎屑钻石与相应蚀源区中酸性火成岩类的锆石U—Pb同位索年龄进行对比，发现含矿砂体的物质成分直接来自中酸性火成岩类的剥蚀产物。该物源是形成富铀砂体的物质基础。通过对蚀源区岩石和盆地含矿地层不同部位砂体岩石样品的U—Pb同位索体系演化特征的研究，论证了可地浸砂岩型铀矿的铀源主要来自两方面，一是蚀源区活性铀含量高的中酸性火成岩类，另一是已经发生铀预富集的沉积砂体。     

永平铜矿石微生物槽浸初步实验研究

以永平铜矿石为研究对象，通过有菌与无菌对比实验，研究了微生物槽浸铜过程中主要技术参数(Fe^3 ，Fe^2 ,pH，Eh，Cu)的变化规律。在此基础上，评价了永平铜矿微生物槽浸铜的可行性。