用震源机制解确定东北地区地壳应力场

利用中、强震震源机制资料和区域小震平均解给出了中国东北地区地壳应力场的分布。由多个震源机制的平均结果得到,东北南部地区(42°30’以南)主压应力方向为NE70°。东北中部地区(吉林省和黑龙江省东南部)主压应力方向近似NE100°,它与深源地震震源机制解P轴一致,可能该区应力场分布受深源地震影响,东北北部地区(黑龙江省和内蒙北部)主压应力方向为NE58°。东北地区浅源地震震源机制解P轴仰角大多数小于30°,表明该区以水平应力为主。由震源机制结果也讨论了中国东北地区地震断层活动状况。     

川滇地区电离层多参量异常监测系统的设计与实现

介绍了川滇地区电离层多参量异常监测系统的设计思路与功能实现,并将该系统应用于2019年6月17日四川长宁MS6.0地震的监测试验.结果表明:该系统实现了全球和中国区域垂直总电子含量VTEC、站点VTEC和F2层临界频率foF2异常变化的实时监测,有助于开展示范性地震电离层异常监测工作,其图形及数据结果可为地震-电离层异...     

濮阳小震集中区地震重定位及发震构造分析

利用濮阳周边数字地震台网近十年的震相观测报告数据及3级以上地震事件的波形记录,基于人工地震宽角反射/折射剖面的速度模型,采用Hypo2000地震定位法对研究区内1级以上287次地震事件进行绝对定位。同时,以Hypo2000绝对定位结果为初始位置,对濮城镇附近约25 km范围内的153个一级以上地震进行双差相对定位,获得更为准确的相对位置关系。定位研究结果表明:重新定位后研究区的小震震丛在震中和震源深度剖面上均呈现出两个分支:主支地震群沿聊—兰断裂分布,由少数地震组成的分支则分布于黄河断裂东侧。结合深地震反射剖面解释结果,推断濮城镇小震震丛的发震构造主要以聊—兰断裂为主,西部少数地震分支的发震断层为黄河断裂带,同时小震活动亦与油田开采注水活动密切相关。     

元古宙真核藻类演化及环境控制因素

宜居地球、地外生命探索以及资源勘查等的需求使真核生物的早期溯源和演化趋势研究成为国际热点。根据已发现实体化石、分子化石和分子钟证据,将元古宙真核藻类演化划分为环境准备(2.45～1.70 Ga)、缓慢发展(1.70～0.80 Ga)、剧烈波动(0.80～0.64 Ga)、快速辐射(0.64～0.54 Ga)四个阶段。元古宙真核生物的出现、演化和辐射进程与地球氧化和极端气候事件(如冰期)的发生具耦合性,表现出早期生命与地球表层环境的协同演化。真核藻类在1.70～0.80 Ga期间的缓慢演化可能与长期较低的大气氧含量(约为现今水平的1%～10%PAL)有关。低的大气-海洋氧化程度不仅限制了真核藻类生存空间,也通过对氮、磷等营养元素的供应约束,限制了真核藻类初级生产力水平。因此,地球表层氧化可能是地球宜居演化,并孕育出真核生物等各种复杂生命的主要原因。从地球系统形成与演变的角度探索生物圈演化或能对生命的过去和未来给出更为可靠的答案。     

基于崎岖海底定量校正的时深转换方法

研究区位于深水低勘探区,崎岖海底等普遍存在,受地震、钻井和速度等资料条件的限制,只能采用去海水的拟合公式法进行时深转换。然而去海水拟合公式法时深转换会因崎岖海底而造成假构造现象,且常规的崎岖海底填平校正方法存在一定的不足。用去海水拟合公式法计算出时转深层位,并比较时转深层位与深度域地震资料的横向构造形态变化,引入了构造形态相似率的概念,建立了崎岖海底填平量化评分模板来对崎岖海底进行填平校正,最后根据最高得分值来确定最佳平滑网格的海底和合适的时转深层位,在一定程度上消除了崎岖海底造成的假构造现象和支持了构造成图的需求。     

黄土高原西部地区黄土地层有机质主要来源分析

黄土有机质的主要来源是决定其稳定碳同位素(δ 13 Corg.)能否应用于重建过去C3/C4相对丰度变化及相应的古气候变化的关键基础科学问题。如若黄土地层当中的有机质主要由粉尘携带而来, 而非当地植被, 显然其δ 13 Corg. 不是一个局地植被过去C3/C4相对丰度变化及古气候变化的良好指示器。本文对黄土高原西部地区(六盘山以西)新获得和已发表的相关数据进行综合分析, 尝试对该地区黄土有机质的主要来源进行定量的分析。结果表明, 总体而言, 该地区黄土地层有机质主要来源于当地植被, 由粉尘携带而来的有机质贡献量不超过8 %, 所造成的有机碳同位素变化幅度不超过1.7 ‰ 。这些结果说明该地区的黄土地层有机质δ 13 Corg. 是可以用来重建过去C3/C4植物相对丰度及相应的古气候变化的。为了更精确的重建, 后续的工作应当更多考虑粉尘搬运过程当中的有机质输入以及粉尘沉积之后的微生物活动的可能潜在影响。     

Analytical modeling on consolidation of stiffened deep mixed column-reinforced soft soil under embankment

Stiffened deep mixed (SDM) column is a new ground improvement technique to improve soft soil, which can be used to increase bearing capacity, reduce deformation, and enhance stability of soft soil. This technique has been successfully adopted to support the highway and railway embankments over soft soils in China and other countries. However, there have been limited investigations on its consolidation under embankment loading. This paper developed an analytical solution for the consolidation of embankment over soft soil with SDM column in which core pile is equal to or shorter than outer DM column. The consolidation problem was simplified as a consolidation of composite soil considering the load shear effect of core pile. The developed solution was verified by a comparison with the results computed by three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis. A parametric study based on the derived solution was conducted to investigate influence factors—length of core pile, diameter of core pile, diameter of SDM column, modulus of DM column, and permeability coefficient of DM column—on the consolidation behavior of SDM column-supported embankment over soft soil. The developed solution was applied to a case history of SDM column-supported embankment, and a good agreement was found between the predictions and the field measurements.     

Water uptake of riparian plants in the lower Lhasa River Basin,South Tibetan Plateau using stable water isotopes

Riparian plants can adapt their water uptake strategies based on climatic and hydrological conditions within a river basin. The response of cold-alpine riparian trees to changes in water availability is poorly understood. The Lhasa River is a representative cold-alpine river in South Tibet and an under-studied environment. Therefore, a 96 km section of the lower Lhasa River was selected for a study on the water-use patterns of riparian plants. Plant water, soil water, groundwater and river water were measured at three sites for δ¹⁸O and δ²H values during the warm-wet and cold-dry periods in 2018. Soil profiles differed in isotope values between seasons and with the distance along the river. During the cold-dry period, the upper parts of the soil profiles were significantly affected by evaporation. During the warm-wet period, the soil profile was influenced by precipitation infiltration in the upper reaches of the study area and by various water sources in the lower reaches. Calculations using the IsoSource model indicated that the mature salix and birch trees (Salix cheilophila Schneid. and Betula platyphylla Suk.) accessed water from multiple sources during the cold-dry period, whereas they sourced more than 70% of their requirement from the upper 60–80 cm of the soil profile during the warm-wet period. The model indicated that the immature rose willow tree (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb) accessed 66% of its water from the surface soil during the cold-dry period, but used the deeper layers during the warm-wet period. The plant type was not the dominant factor driving water uptake patterns in mature plants. Our findings can contribute to strategies for the sustainable development of cold-alpine riparian ecosystems. It is recommended that reducing plantation density and collocating plants with different rooting depths would be conducive to optimal plant growth in this environment.