A field experimental study on recolonization and succession of subtidal macrobenthic community in sediment contaminated with industrial wastes

A field experiment was carried out in Hong Kong to study the patterns of recolonization and succession of subtidal macrobenthos in defaunated sediment contaminated with industrial wastes and to determine the time required for benthic recovery in the industrial-contaminated sediment. A total of 50 species was found with an average of 172 animals/tray and 24 species/tray recorded one month after deployment. Initial colonizers were predominantly polychaetes (96 animals/tray, accounting for 55.7%) and gastropods (47 animals/tray, accounting for 27.2%). Abundance of macrobenthos increased quickly to a peak (505 animals/tray) after four months, declined afterwards, and increased again till the end of the experiment. Species number peaked (57 species/tray) in the same month as abundance did, and gradually declined thereafter. Abundance, species number and diversity were significantly lower in the industrial-contaminated sediment as compared to the controls during the early successional stages, indicating the harmful effects of industrial wastes on recolonization and succession of macrobenthos. Although no significant differences in community parameters between the industrial-contaminated and the control sediments were found after eleven months, significant difference in species composition still existed after fourteen months, showing a relatively long-term impact of industrial wastes on macrobenthic community structure.     

新世纪构造地质学的纵深发展:深海、深部、深空、深时四领域成就及关键技术

近10年来,构造地质学面临前所未有的机会和巨大的发展前景,建立超越板块构造理论的时代已经来临,地幔柱理论与板块构造理论的融合必将为太阳系乃至宇宙形成的构造过程提供全新认识。文中从宏观角度,综述了当前深部、深海、深空和深时4个发展方向取得的成就,展望了这4个方面的未来发展趋势。同时,综合概述了推动近10年来构造地质学发展的4个关键技术:针对表面构造形迹的高精度激光高度计(深空星球表面成像)、高分辨率多波束(深海海底地形成像);针对深部构造形态的层析成像(tomography);针对动力学演化(深时)的各种模拟软件(ANSYS、COMSOL、FLAC等);针对物质材料流变学的高温高压实验和成分原位测试技术。     

美国蒙大拿卡尼湾干谷钼矿的流体包裹体和相平衡研究：CO2对辉钼矿…

卡尼湾干谷的钼矿床以网状脉化和矽卡岩化为特征。然而不同的围岩有明显不同的矿物组合。在卡尼湾岩株中，辉钼矿产于典型的石英－钾长石或石英－白云母脉中。在围岩中，辉钼矿产于绿泥石＋黄铁矿＋磁铁矿中，其中包含有不同量的石英、方解石和绿帘石。包含于石英和萤石中的原始流体包裹体有水溶液、液体ＣＯ２和气体ＣＯ２。     

美国诺阿卫星计划：迈向21世纪的新进展

文章译自美国国家海洋大气局（ＮＯＡＡ）、国家环境卫星数据及服务局（ＮＥＳＤＩＳ）局长Ｒｏｂｅｒｔ Ｓ．Ｗｉｎｏｋｕｒ的报告。文章介绍了迈向２１世纪的美国诺阿环境卫星坟墓和卫星遥感应用技术的进展，使读者了解未来美国极轨气象卫星系统、极具前景的三维温，湿变量卫星遥感反演以及静止气象卫星最新遥感应用技术发展的前景。     

应用小波变换和C3相干算法检测地震剖面同相轴

为了提高地震剖面的信噪比和分辨率，使反射同相轴容易被识别和追踪，这里提出了一种应用小波算法及C3相干算法检测地震反射同相轴的新方法。利用小波算法提高地震剖面分辨率，减少大部分随机噪声，再运用C3相关算法和倾角扫描法检测地震剖面同相轴。应用该方法对模型数据进行了试算，证明了可行性，然后检测实际地震剖面同相轴，处理后的地震剖面同相轴品质及连续性都有了明显改善，信噪比增强，分辨率相应提高。     

图像增强技术在重磁图像中的应用

本文综述了图像增强技术在位场数据中的应用现状，并介绍了两种改进的图像增强技术，用于增强重磁图像特征。一种方法借鉴了直方图平滑化的思想，应用于位场彩色影像的色谱的自动确定。该方法的应用能够使色彩合理地配置，从而保证了图像的视觉效果和分辨率。另一种方法基于改进的Radon变化和梯度计算，用于重磁图像中线性特征的检测和增强。该方法能在变化域中突出显示线性特征，从而有利于线性特征的检测和增强。通过对简单图像和实际资料的应用，表明了两种方法在增强特征中的有效性。     

Analysis of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacers (IGSs) of marine vibrios for species-specific signature DNA sequences

Vibrios are widespread in the marine environment and a few pathogenic species are known to be commonly associated with outbreaks of diarrheal diseases in humans due to the consumption of raw or improperly cooked seafood. However, there are also many Vibrio species which are potentially pathogenic to vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic animals, and of which little is known. In an attempt to develop rapid PCR detection methods for these latter class of vibrios, we have examined the 16S-23S intergenic spacers (IGSs) of 10 lesser-known Vibrio species and successfully developed species-specific primers for eight of them--Vibrio costicola, V. diazotrophicus, V. fluvialis, V. nigripulchritudo, V. proteolyticus, V. salmonicida, V. splendidus and V. tubiashii. The IGS amplicons were amplified using primers complementary to conserved regions of the 16S and 23S rRNA genes, and cloned into plasmid vectors and sequenced. Analysis of the IGS sequences showed that 37 ribosomal RNA (rrn) operons representing seven different IGS types have been cloned from the 10 vibrios. The three IGS types--IGS(0), IGS(IA) and IGS(Glu)--were the most prevalent forms detected. Multiple alignment of representative sequences of these three IGS types from different Vibrio species revealed several domains of high sequence variability, which were used to design species-specific primers for PCR. The specificity of the primers were evaluated using total DNA prepared from different Vibrio species and bacterial genera. The results showed that the PCR method can be used to reliably detect eight of the 10 Vibrio species in marine waters in this study.     

近表磁异常与油气关系研究进展

本文对近年来国内外科学界关于油气产区与近表磁异常关系的研究进行论述。认为国外一些科学家提出的磁亮点以方法以及钻探岩芯及岩屑中的ＭＳＲＩ参数法都是新颖有效的。它为我们提供了一个新的思路,即从油气藏的烃渗漏问题入手,寻找与其有关的相关标志,来自国外的一些报导证实了磁性变化与油气资源间较高的相关性。而我国科学院家们在塔里木等地的工作,则进一步证实了方法的有效性。     

综合地球物理方法在山东百里店地区找寻隐伏金矿中的应用

在综合地质、地球物理研究所取得规律性认识的指导下,对在百里店地区进行的一次寻找隐伏矿床的勘探成果进行了分析这是在对全国宏观研究、区域研究的基础上,分层次地筛选出有利于成矿的地区．在该地区综合地球物理勘探工作采用高精度磁力、微重力、激发极化及CSAMT方法,并与地质、地球化学资料相结合,以提高反演结果的可靠性．还对百里店地区寻找隐伏矿床的实例进行了详细的讨论,给出了大量实验室数据与物性测量结果,建立了百里店地区低磁、高密度、高极化率、低电阻率的综合地球物理找矿模式,同时给出了研究与预测结果．     

产美考古磁学数据库

北美洲的考古磁学数据库是采用一个关系数据库管理系统编辑完成的,该数据库中现有１８７５个古地磁方向和１５１个古地磁场强度的结果。