Expansion of the Cathaysian Oldland through the Ordovician-Silurian transition:Emerging evidence and possible dynamics

Located northwest of the Jiangshan-Shaoxing Fault Zone,western and northwestern Zhejiang and northeastern Jiangxi provinces experienced major changes in bio-and litho-facies and paleogeography through the Ordovician-Silurian transition (late Katian,Hirnantian,and early Rhuddanian),as manifested by stratigraphic,paleontologic and synecologic records.Three geographic units under consideration are South,Central,and North areas.The western margin of the South area was occupied by the Huaiyu Mountains,whereas th...     

两种池塘养殖模式下异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养成品质及脏器相关生理特征的差异

水产养殖动物的生存策略往往会因养殖模式的变更而发生改变,并导致其养成品体色、肌肉品质和脏器生理特征等均出现一定程度的差异。以池塘生态主养模式(M₁)和池塘生态套养模式(M₂)下养殖7个月的异育银鲫夏花苗种为研究对象,以体表色差、背肌物性、全鱼营养成分和排氨率、耗氧率、窒息点以及脏器消化酶和抗氧化酶活力为测定指标,较系统开展了两者间养成品质及脏器相关生理特征的差异研究。结果表明:(1)两者间在体表色差上具较好的区分度,其中M₂实验个体的体色更接近于池底背景色,具更好的拟境隐蔽性;(2)在所测7项背肌物性指标中,两者间具有显著差异的为硬度、弹性、胶黏性和耐咀性,且均呈M₁>M₂ (P<0.05);(3)全鱼一般营养成分中,除灰分和粗蛋白含量均呈M₁≈M₂ (P>0.05)外,水分和粗脂肪含量分别呈M₁>M₂ (P<0.05)和M₂>M     

往返平飘式探空在CMA-MESO三维变分中的同化及对模式预报的影响

往返平飘式探空通过一次探空气球施放实现“上升段-平飘段-下降段”三段观测,其下降段能实现在06时(世界时,下同)和18时自动垂直加密观测大气,具备提升区域高分辨率快速同化循环预报系统在06时和18时的预报技巧潜力。为了实现往返平飘式探空在区域高分辨率模式中的同化,分析其对预报的影响,初步提出了“选取模式层最接近观测”的垂直稀疏化方法来预处理资料,深入分析了稀疏化对同化效果的影响,论证了资料垂直稀疏化对于同化应用的必要性;在此基础上,开展了为期1个月的批量同化影响试验,着重分析了往返平飘式探空在长江中下游区域的组网观测对CMA-MESO模式预报技巧的影响。稀疏化敏感性试验结果表明,同化不稀疏化的往返平飘式探空相比同化传统业务探空,分析和预报误差显著增加,降水预报评分也显著降低,相反,“选取最接近模式层”数据的垂直稀疏化方案能提高模式的分析和预报技巧,表明往返平飘式探空同化前必须进行垂直稀疏化。批量同化试验结果表明,在冷启动时刻(00时和12时,为常规探空释放时刻),同化往返平飘式探空(上升段)相对同化传统业务探空,分析误差和预报误差变化较小。但在暖启动时刻(03、06、09、15、18、...     

求解动力方程的三种显式积分格式的比较

比较了工程上常用于求解动力方程的三种显式积分格式的能耗特性,结果表明,李小军等人的显式差分格式在物理阻尼比为0到1的范围内均具有较强的能耗特性,而且随着物理阻尼比的增大,能耗特性也增强,这种特性优于另外两种显式积分格式,能有效地克服透射边界的高频失稳,因此在处理复杂场地地震反应方面是一种比较理想的显式积分格式。     

华北地区降水的准周期信号及其阶段性变化特征

应用奇异谱（SSA）方法分析了华北地区降水的准周期信号及其阶段性变化特征，结果表明，华北地区月降水序列的年际振荡信号较强，占总方差的44．7％，显著振荡周期分别有17个月（准1～2a）、30个月（准2～3a）、60个月（准5a）和11个月（准1a），不同分区降水的准周期振荡信号各有差异。各种准周期振荡随时间的长期演变亦很明显且各不相同。奇异交叉谱（SCSA）诊断表明，华北地区降水的年际振荡与Nino区海温的准周期信号存在着显著的耦合关系，且这种耦合关系随时间是变化的，表现出耦合振荡强度的阶段性变化和耦合位相随时间的改变。各分区降水与不同Nino区海温的显著耦合周期信号及其随时间的长期演变各具特色，体现了华北地区降水对Nino区海温异常响应的复杂性。     

城市复杂地形环境下倾斜模型结合LiDAR点云的大比例尺地形图更新方法北大核心CSCD

针对无人机倾斜摄影技术受遮挡影响较大和难以穿透植被茂密地区的问题,本文提出了城市复杂地形环境下倾斜模型结合LiDAR点云进行小区域大比例尺数字地形图的更新方法。首先采用五镜头六旋翼无人机分别以垂直和平行主要建筑物楼群方向进行2次全区域拍摄,以及无人机机载激光雷达全区域采集点云,并对高度不足10 m的别墅区进行单镜头低空补飞。然后融合倾斜影像点云与机载激光点云建模,经过3种建模方案对比,融合建模的倾斜三维模型的位置精度和模型质量均最优。最后基于此模型进行测图。精度评定结果表明,城市复杂地形环境下在飞行方案和像控点布设合理的情况下,通过倾斜三维模型采集的数字地形图的平面和高程精度完全满足并优于深圳市1∶1000数字地形图动态更新的精度指标。     

概率匹配平均法在山东强降水预报中的应用

基于WRF集合预报系统开发了概率匹配平均降水产品,选取了山东省2014—2016年共13次强降水过程,检验评估了概率匹配平均法在山东省强降水预报中的综合表现。结果表明：对于不同的强降水过程,各预报产品的预报能力差异较大,尤其是对暴雨以上量级降水的预报存在较大偏差;概率匹配平均相对集合平均,对大雨以上量级降水预报有明显改善,较WRF确定性预报产品也有一定提高,对强降水预报具有一定指示意义;该方法的改进主要体现在对不同量级降水的调整上,尤其是强降水的落区,相对集合平均增大了强降水的范围和强度,但对整个区域的总降水量预报没有很好的改进作用。     

基于目标对象检验法的多种模式强降水能力的比较

针对传统TS检验方法的不足,引入了目标对象检验方法,通过对降水落区的面积、位置、形状和强度进行匹配,可获取空间场潜在的预报信息。以欧洲中心细网格、T639、山东WRF集合模式和华东区域中尺度模式(BCSH)为例,采用强降水过程模式预报最优次数及要素箱线图统计方法,得到模式及集合预报产品的性能特征,根据环流形势及影响系统对强降水分型,结果表明:热带气旋与中低纬度系统相互作用的强降水过程模式预报效果最好,最具参考性;低涡和切变线相伴随的强降水过程效果次之,且以BCSH和山东WRF集合最大值预报效果更好,各模式对低槽系统强降水预报能力一般,对温带气旋类型强降水过程模式预报效果差的概率最大。     

A New Index About the Walker Circulation

The Walker circulation (WC) has always been an important issue in atmospheric science research due to the association between the WC and tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), and between the WC and ENSO events. In this paper, a new index-Omega index (OMGI) - is constructed for WC characterization based on the NCEP / NCAR reanalysis data of monthly mean vertical velocity in recent 70 years (1948-2017). Results show that the OMGI can accurately depict the variation characteristics of WC on seasonal, annual and decadal time-scales. There is a significant inverse correlation between the OMGI and equatorial eastern and central Pacific SST. Meanwhile, the peak of the OMGI appears ahead of the ENSO peak, and therefore is able to reflect the SST in the equatorial Pacific. Especially, in 35 ENSO events, the peak of the OMGI appears earlier than Ni?o 3.4 index for 19 times with 2.6 months ahead on average. In 16 El Ni?o events, the peak of the OMGI occurs ahead of the El Ni?o for 9 times with 4 months ahead on average. In 19 La Ni?a events, the OMGI peak arises 10 times earlier than the La Ni?a peak, with an average of 1.4 months ahead. OMGI shows obvious leading effect and stability over ENSO events with different strengths and types of single peak and multi peaks: the peak of the OMGI keeps about 2-3 months ahead of the ENSO. Compared with other WC indexes such as UWI and SPLI, OMGI has some advantages in the ability to describe WC changes and present the probability and thetime of prediction of ENSO event peaks.     

Climate Sensitivity and Feedbacks of a New Coupled Model CAMS-CSM to Idealized CO_2 Forcing: A Comparison with CMIP5 Models

Climate sensitivity and feedbacks are basic and important metrics to a climate system. They determine how large surface air temperature will increase under CO_2 forcing ultimately, which is essential for carbon reduction policies to achieve a specific warming target. In this study, these metrics are analyzed in a climate system model newly developed by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS-CSM) and compared with multi-model results from the Coupled Model Comparison Project phase 5(CMIP5). Based on two idealized CO_2 forcing scenarios, i.e.,abruptly quadrupled CO_2 and CO_2 increasing 1% per year, the equilibrium climate sensitivity(ECS) and transient climate response(TCR) in CAMS-CSM are estimated to be about 2.27 and 1.88 K, respectively. The ECS is near the lower bound of CMIP5 models whereas the TCR is closer to the multi-model ensemble mean(MME) of CMIP5 due to compensation of a relatively low ocean heat uptake(OHU) efficiency. The low ECS is caused by an unusually negative climate feedback in CAMS-CSM, which is attributed to cloud shortwave feedback(λSWCL) over the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean.The CMIP5 ensemble shows that more negative λSWCL is related to larger increase in low-level(925–700 hPa)cloud over the tropical Indo-Pacific under warming, which can explain about 90% of λSWCL in CAMS-CSM. Static stability of planetary boundary layer in the pre-industrial simulation is a critical factor controlling the low-cloud response and λSWCL across the CMIP5 models and CAMS-CSM. Evidently, weak stability in CAMS-CSM favors lowcloud formation under warming due to increased low-level convergence and relative humidity, with the help of enhanced evaporation from the warming tropical Pacific. Consequently, cloud liquid water increases, amplifying cloud albedo, and eventually contributing to the unusually negative λSWCL and low ECS in CAMS-CSM. Moreover, the OHU may influence climate feedbacks and then the ECS by modulating regional sea surface temperature responses.