地质热事件—有机质—金属成矿作用的联系

地质热事件引起有机质发生种种变化，也导致金属矿床的形成。地质热事件的性质不同，有机质变化的特点及成矿作用的类型也不尽相同。地质热事件与有机质的变化、金属成矿作用在发生时间、共生空间和形成原因诸方面均存在着密切的联系。     

Migration of female construction labourers to Dhaka City,Bangladesh

The author analyzes migration patterns and processes of female construction workers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, and considers the impact of this migration. "Interviews...reveal that the major goal of these female migrants, whose mobility and employment have traditionally been restricted, is to take responsibility in the struggle for livelihood.... Success of many migrations is linked with participation in construction work in the city. Employment in such activities is largely by women from male-headed households, indicating male support in the work, followed by females heading their own households."     

Permanent versus temporary rural migrants in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia

"The aim of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting intentions of rural-migrants to return to their rural origins. Several socioeconomic, demographic, spatial, and temporal variables will be introduced to explore their explanatory power and interrelationship with the migrants' intentions. These variables are: Years lived in Riyadh, the current place of parents' residency, land ownership in the village, home ownership in the urban area, income, household size, and the area of origin. The data, which come from a sample survey of migrants conducted in Riyadh in 1983, will be analyzed by the means of binary logit model."     

Effect of temperature and size on metallothionein synthesis in the gill of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to cadmium

Although the degree of metal contamination is expected to be a primary determinant of metallothionein (MT) induction in marine mussels, at least at polluted sites, variability caused by temperature, and biotic factors such as size, may need to be considered when interpreting field data. To test the effects of these variables, mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, of different sizes (small: 3.5 +/- 0.5 cm and large: 5.2 +/- 0.7 cm) were exposed to Cd (100 microg l(-1)) at different water temperatures (5, 18 and 25 degrees C) for 34 days. Resultant Cd and MT concentrations in gills were shown to be size dependent and increased significantly with temperature. At the highest temperature tested (25 degrees C) there appears to be a disproportionate effect on Cd accumulation, which raises MT synthesis to exceptionally high levels. The effect of size on MT concentrations was also temperature-dependent: at 18 and 25 degrees C, large mussels exhibited higher MT levels than smaller individuals, whilst at 5 degrees C there were no significant differences between contaminated and control mussels, in either size-group, as a result of the reduced level of MT production at this temperature. When considering the use of MT levels in mussels as a biochemical indicator of metal contamination, the potential influence of factors such as size and temperature on MT-metal relationships needs to be considered. Samples should be of uniform size as far as possible, and collection should be limited to a fixed season (avoiding climatic extremes) to ensure that the effects of these factors on baseline levels of MT is minimised.     

正构烷烃的成矿意义——以广西田林高龙卡林型金矿为例

高龙金矿位于西林-百色断褶带西段南西侧的高龙穹隆核部附近, 矿体赋存于石炭—二叠系碳酸盐岩与三叠系细碎屑岩的接触带上.区域性百色-高龙-古障深大断裂及其次级构造构成了矿液流动的通道和矿质沉淀的场所.矿区见有4种正构烷烃: 非含矿地层中的正常成熟型、矿体内部的异常成熟型、热水溶解型和微生物降解型.这些不同类型的正构烷烃提供了丰富的成矿信息, 具有成矿作用的示踪意义.      

A model for the evolution of CO2 on Mars

We have constructed a model that predicts the evolution of CO2 on Mars from the end of the heavy bombardment period to the present. The model draws on published estimates of the main processes believed to affect the fate of CO2 during this period: chemical weathering, regolith uptake, polar cap formation, and atmospheric escape. Except for escape, the rate at which these processes act is controlled by surface temperatures which we calculate using a modified version of the Gierasch and Toon energy balance model (1973, J. Atmos. Sci. 30, 1502-1508). The modifications account for the change in solar luminosity with time, the greenhouse effect, and a polar and solar equatorial energy budget. Using published estimates for the main parameters, we find no evolutionary scenario in which CO2 is capable of producing a warm (global mean temperatures>250 K) and wet (surface pressures>30 mbar) early climate, and then evolves to present conditions with approximately 7 mbar in the atmosphere, <300 mbar in the regolith, and <5 mbar in the caps. Such scenarios would only exist if the early sun were brighter than standard solar models suggest, if greenhouse gases other than CO2 were present in the early atmosphere, or if the polar albedo were significantly lower than 0.75. However, these scenarios generally require the storage of large amounts of CO2 (>1 bar) in the carbonate reservoir. If the warm and wet early Mars constraint is relaxed, then we find best overall agreement with present day reservoirs for initial CO2 inventories of 0.5-1.0 bar. We also find that the polar caps can a profound effect on how the system evolves. If the initial amount of CO2 is less than some critical value, then there is not enough heating of the poles to prevent permanent caps from forming. Once formed, these caps control how the system evolves, because they set the surface pressure and, hence, the thermal environment. If the initial amount of CO2 is greater than this critical value, then caps do not form initially, but can form later on, when weathering and escape lower the surface pressure to a point at which polar heating is no longer sufficient to prevent cap formation and the collapse of the climate system. Our modeling suggests this critical initial amount of CO2 is between 1 and 2 bar, but its true value will depend on all factors affecting the polar heat budget.     

戴云山构造带成矿地质特征

戴云山构造带的断裂活动、岩浆活动及火山作用强烈,不同期次的岩浆侵入和火山活动对Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn矿床的形成起着一定的控制作用.元古界变质基底和上古生界在火山岩中呈"天窗"出露.戴云山构造带内主要有层间破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床、沉积变质-热液叠加改造型铅锌银矿床、接触交代型矿床、斑岩型铜(钼)矿床、火山热液型矿床.研究表明:晋宁-加里东期是该区最重要的成矿期,燕山晚期为另一重要成矿期.区域断裂、褶皱构造、构造界面以及2组构造的交汇都对矿床的产出起着重要的控制作用.     

粤北大宝山矿区花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对粤北大宝山钼钨多金属矿区的花岗闪长斑岩进行了锆石阴极发光显微结构观察和LA-ICP-MS锆石微区U-Pb定年.在锆石阴极发光图像中, 两个花岗闪长斑岩样品中的锆石颗粒具有明显的振荡环带, 为典型的岩浆锆石.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示: 大宝山花岗闪长斑岩样品中具岩浆环带锆石区域12个分析点的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为175.8±1.5 Ma(MSWD=0.037), 船肚花岗闪长斑岩样品中具岩浆环带锆石区域16个分析点的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为175.0±1.7 Ma(MSWD=0.41).它们的形成时代约175 Ma, 为燕山早期第Ⅰ阶段(180~170 Ma)产物.本次对大宝山矿区花岗闪长斑岩形成时代的准确厘定, 为大宝山和船肚花岗闪长斑岩原本连为一体被后期构造错断的认识提供了新证据, 岩体错断部位是矿区Mo-W矿进一步勘探的重要方向.结合相关研究表明, 其成岩成矿动力学背景与邻区岩体相似, 为南岭地区同一期岩石圈伸展-减薄事件的产物.同时启示我们, 在南岭地区还存在燕山早期第一阶段(180~170 Ma)利于形成Mo-W矿的花岗岩类小岩体未被揭露.      

湖北程潮铁矿成矿物质来源的地球化学制约

湖北程潮矿区岩浆活动主要分为早期的闪长岩期和晚期的花岗岩期,岩浆侵入发生在燕山期中晚期。程潮铁矿成矿作用与燕山期中晚期岩浆岩侵入密切相关,岩浆是成矿物质的主要来源。成矿期主要分为早期的磁铁矿期和晚期的金属硫化物期,早期的磁铁矿期是主成矿期。稀土元素地球化学特征表明闪长岩类岩石与磁铁矿矿石的REE、LREE配分模式存在很明显的互补关系,花岗岩与金属硫化物矿石含量亦为互补关系。花岗岩和金属硫化物矿石中Eu中度—强烈亏损,这是由早期闪长岩类岩石结晶和磁铁矿石矿化引起的。此外,微量元素地球化学特征表明闪长岩类岩石富含的亲硫元素Cr,是由于早期的磁铁矿矿化导致Fe3+从岩浆中析出;花岗岩富亲铁元素Co、N i的含量与晚期的金属硫化物矿化联系紧密。微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征表明程潮矿区的成矿物质来源主要是闪长岩,与鄂东南其他矽卡岩型铁矿床一致,这对总结鄂东南区域成矿规律有重要意义。