Evidence for the effects of metal contamination on the intertidal macrobenthic assemblages of the Fal Estuary

The intertidal invertebrate macrofauna of five creeks in the Fal estuarine system, Cornwall, UK, is compared with data from 40 locations in six other estuaries in south-west Britain. Multivariate analysis shows that the community composition in the Fal is distinct from all the other estuaries. The differences are principally due to the absence of two crustacean species, Corophium voluntator and Cyathura carinata, and the high abundance of small opportunistic annelid species. The Fal Estuary is heavily contaminated with heavy metals as a result of mining in the catchment, and the faunistic features are commensurate with what is known of the relative sensitivities of marine invertebrate taxa to pollution.     

广西大瑶山及其西侧铅锌成矿区地质特征及找矿方向

大瑶山及其西侧铅锌成矿带是广西境内主要的铅锌产地,区内的铅锌矿床按其成因主要划分为沉积-热卤水改造型和接触交代(夕卡岩)两类,产出铅锌矿床较多.文章通过对研究区内铅锌矿床的含矿建造和构造控矿因素分析,详述了研究区内铅锌矿床在控矿层位、控矿岩性、控矿岩相以及断裂构造控矿和褶皱构造控矿的特点,进而为研究区内下一步找矿指出方向,并总结出该区的找矿标志.     

地质热事件—有机质—金属成矿作用的联系

地质热事件引起有机质发生种种变化，也导致金属矿床的形成。地质热事件的性质不同，有机质变化的特点及成矿作用的类型也不尽相同。地质热事件与有机质的变化、金属成矿作用在发生时间、共生空间和形成原因诸方面均存在着密切的联系。     

Permanent versus temporary rural migrants in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia

"The aim of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting intentions of rural-migrants to return to their rural origins. Several socioeconomic, demographic, spatial, and temporal variables will be introduced to explore their explanatory power and interrelationship with the migrants' intentions. These variables are: Years lived in Riyadh, the current place of parents' residency, land ownership in the village, home ownership in the urban area, income, household size, and the area of origin. The data, which come from a sample survey of migrants conducted in Riyadh in 1983, will be analyzed by the means of binary logit model."     

Effect of temperature and size on metallothionein synthesis in the gill of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to cadmium

Although the degree of metal contamination is expected to be a primary determinant of metallothionein (MT) induction in marine mussels, at least at polluted sites, variability caused by temperature, and biotic factors such as size, may need to be considered when interpreting field data. To test the effects of these variables, mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, of different sizes (small: 3.5 +/- 0.5 cm and large: 5.2 +/- 0.7 cm) were exposed to Cd (100 microg l(-1)) at different water temperatures (5, 18 and 25 degrees C) for 34 days. Resultant Cd and MT concentrations in gills were shown to be size dependent and increased significantly with temperature. At the highest temperature tested (25 degrees C) there appears to be a disproportionate effect on Cd accumulation, which raises MT synthesis to exceptionally high levels. The effect of size on MT concentrations was also temperature-dependent: at 18 and 25 degrees C, large mussels exhibited higher MT levels than smaller individuals, whilst at 5 degrees C there were no significant differences between contaminated and control mussels, in either size-group, as a result of the reduced level of MT production at this temperature. When considering the use of MT levels in mussels as a biochemical indicator of metal contamination, the potential influence of factors such as size and temperature on MT-metal relationships needs to be considered. Samples should be of uniform size as far as possible, and collection should be limited to a fixed season (avoiding climatic extremes) to ensure that the effects of these factors on baseline levels of MT is minimised.     

红海中的含矿热流

法国地质调查局(BRGM)研究表明;红海是一个正以极低的速度发生膨胀扩张而逐渐形成大洋化的活动地带,其海底为一条狭长的、并为大量转换断层切割的深海峡谷。在红海中的大约20余个深海沟中均见有金属矿化现象。 在研究得最为详细的 AltantisⅡ深海沟中,人们发现这个金属含量最丰富的海沟自11000年以来共沉积了大约10亿吨松散沉积物。这些沉积物中金属的平均含量为:锌约3.5％;铜0.5—1％;铅0.1％;银50ppm;金0.5ppm(干燥后沉积物中的重量比,因为这种沉积物中实际包含着60—90％的含盐卤