桂东早古生代地层碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素年代学及其对华夏陆块加里东期构造事件性质的约束

对广西东部大瑶山-大明山地区分别位于早古生代不整合面之下和之上的寒武纪和泥盆纪地层进行了系统的碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究.除少数为早太古宙锆石外, 寒武纪地层碎屑锆石的年龄主要有2.7~2.6、~1.8、1.4~1.1和~1.0Ga四组峰值及分别为250Ma和105Ma的热液改造年龄记录; 泥盆纪地层碎屑锆石除少数具有古太古代年龄外, 其余主要形成于~1.7和~1.0Ga, 并记录了强烈的~100Ma的热改造事件.这些特征表明, 研究区具有华夏陆块的属性, 扬子与华夏陆块的边界应位于该区西北以远; 经加里东构造事件后, 研究区沉积盆地的物源区发生了改变, 因而加里东期岩浆作用在本区并没有显示.结合前人研究成果分析, 加里东事件可能指示了已裂开古陆块与华夏陆块间发生的斜向碰撞, 而大瑶山-大明山地区为沿垂直于该碰撞方向挤压形成的被动盆地.区域地层中部分碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素组成的重置和热液锆石的形成, 反映了研究区在印支期和燕山期存在大规模流体参与的热改造事件, 这些热液对流作用应是导致本地区乃至整个华南褶皱带陆缘Au-Cu多金属矿带形成的重要原因之一.      

流体烃的他地迁移、生物降解及生物成矿——以西班牙拉·弗罗里达铅锌矿床为例

原生有机质及沥青的有机地球化学研究结果表明矿区存在微弱的热异常，地层中原生有机质含量极低，沥青是成矿过程中由含矿热液从他地带来的迁移型流体烃。流体烃在迁移时发生轻烃组分的分馏。在成矿部位，含有硫酸盐、铅锌和流体烃的深源热液（温度６０一］００℃）与携带硫酸盐还原细菌的大气降水汇合，流体烃发生生物降解和水洗溶解并引起硫酸盐的生物还原，生成硫化氢，导致铅锌硫化物沉淀，形成矿床。     

有机地球化学在外生成矿作用研究中的应用

有机地球化学是近20年来为适应矿产资源、能源、海洋科学、环境科学以及生命科学等的发展而迅速成长起来的一门新兴学科.它主要是沉积学、地球化学与生物学、海洋学、有机化学等相互渗透的一个新的分支.它在沉积金属非金属外生成矿作用中的应用,更是一个全新的领域.近十年来国外有机地球化学发展很快,特别是围绕石油、煤田以及沉积金属非金属矿产资源的成因、勘探、开发与利用,作了大量的研究工作.下面,将主要介绍有机物与沉积金属非金属矿床的关系,并简单说明一下人们是怎样利用有机地球化学的知识,解释外生成矿过程中的一些问题,例如:沉积环境,成矿物质的来源、搬运及沉淀富集机理等等.     

Oxidative damage to DNA: an immunohistochemical approach for detection of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine in marine organisms

The modified nucleoside 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is an index of oxidative DNA damage. An immunohistochemical approach based on the use of monoclonal antibody 1F7 against 8-oxo-dG was investigated in marine organisms with immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent detection. Relative staining intensity as a measure of the 8-oxo-dG level was microscopically assessed. After laboratory exposures to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), higher levels of oxidative DNA damage were clearly detected in all treated animals compared to controls. While this method eliminates DNA extraction reducing the processing of biological samples, absolute values are not provided. Further, the method requires only small amounts of tissue and potentially discriminates susceptibility to oxidative damage in different cell types. These results suggest that the assay should have practical applications in marine ecotoxicology.     

Cypermethrin induces glutathione S-transferase activity in the shore crab,Carcinus maenas

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid that is particularly toxic to crustacea. It is therefore applied as a chemotherapeutant in the salmonid aquaculture industry for the treatment of sea lice infestations. After use, cypermethrin is released directly into the marine environment, to be diluted by fresh seawater. The shore crab, Carcinus maenas is found in the vicinity of fish farms, and may come into contact with released cypermethrin. The detoxification enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST) has been implicated in cypermethrin metabolism in terrestrial arthropods, but this has not yet been demonstrated in crustacea. In this paper we investigate the response of GST activity in Carcinus to cypermethrin exposure, and also the time course of the induction process. GST activity is significantly increased in Carcinus exposed to nominal concentrations of 50 and 500 ng/l of water-borne cypermethrin. Carcinus demonstrate a significant elevation in GST activity following intra-cephalothoracic injection with 10 ng of cypermethrin. GST activity returns to basal levels after 36 h. The potential application of GST activity in Carcinus as a biomarker of cypermethrin exposure is discussed.