A comparison of three-dimensional interpolation techniques for plume characterization

Interpolation of contaminant data can present a significant challenge due to sample clustering and sharp gradients in concentration. The research presented in this paper represents a study of commonly used interpolation schemes applied to three-dimensional plume characterization. Kriging, natural neighbor, and inverse distance weighted interpolation were tested on four actual data sets. The accuracy of each scheme was gauged using the cross-validation approach. Each scheme was compared to the other schemes and the effect of various interpolation parameters was studied. The kriging approach resulted in the lowest error at three of the four sites. The simpler and quicker inverse distance weighted approach resulted in a lower interpolation error on the other site and performed well overall. The natural neighbor method had the highest average error at all four sites in spite of the fact that it has been shown to perform well with clustered data. Another unexpected result was that the computationally expensive high order nodal functions resulted in reduced accuracy for the inverse distance weighted and natural neighbor approaches.     

Delineating a recharge area for a spring using numerical modeling, Monte Carlo techniques, and geochemical investigation

Recharge areas of spring systems can be hard to identify, but they can be critically important for protection of a spring resource. A recharge area for a spring complex in southern Wisconsin was delineated using a variety of complementary techniques. A telescopic mesh refinement (TMR) model was constructed from an existing regional-scale ground water flow model. This TMR model was formally optimized using parameter estimation techniques; the optimized "best fit" to measured heads and fluxes was obtained by using a horizontal hydraulic conductivity 200% larger than the original regional model for the upper bedrock aquifer and 80% smaller for the lower bedrock aquifer. The uncertainty in hydraulic conductivity was formally considered using a stochastic Monte Carlo approach. Two-hundred model runs used uniformly distributed, randomly sampled, horizontal hydraulic conductivity values within the range given by the TMR optimized values and the previously constructed regional model. A probability distribution of particles captured by the spring, or a "probabilistic capture zone," was calculated from the realistic Monte Carlo results (136 runs of 200). In addition to portions of the local surface watershed, the capture zone encompassed areas outside of the watershed--demonstrating that the ground watershed and surface watershed do not coincide. Analysis of water collected from the site identified relatively large contrasts in chemistry, even for springs within 15 m of one another. The differences showed a distinct gradation from Ordovician-carbonate-dominated water in western spring vents to Cambrian-sandstone-influenced water in eastern spring vents. The difference in chemistry was attributed to distinctive bedrock geology as demonstrated by overlaying the capture zone derived from numerical modeling over a bedrock geology map for the area. This finding gives additional confidence to the capture zone calculated by modeling.     

Tl2S—Ag2S假二元系相平衡的实验研究

用抽真空石英管在干体系中对Ａｇ２Ｓ－Ｔｌ２Ｓ假二元系在２５０℃下变温切面相平衡进行了实验研究。Ａｇ２Ｓ－Ｔｌ２Ｓ假二元系在２５０℃存在三个三元合成相，它们分别为ＴｌＡｇＳ、Ａｇ２９Ｔｌ１１Ｓ２０和Ａｇ１７Ｔｌ３Ｓ１０，后两个相是该实验首次合成     

用自组织神经网络自动识别岩相

ＢＰ神经网络技术以其强大的学习能力已广泛应用于许多领域,取得了很好效果。但当不具备已知样本时,该技术很难应用。本文采用改进的自组织神经网络,对测井资料进行自动岩相识别,并在松辽盆地进行了实际应用。通过与已知资料对比,证实该方法是一种有效的岩相自动识别方法,具有良好的应用前景。     

中国东部大陆内部中生代盆地分布特征与地球动力学背景探讨

在编制和分析中国东部大陆内部中生代盆地分布图的基础上,对中国东部大陆内部的松辽盆地、辽西盆地群、渤海湾地区盆地分布、规模等进行了对比,认为是由于地球动力学背景、岩石圈厚度等不同所致,并提出中国东部内部的大陆盆地动力学模式,即伊泽条崎板块以不同角度的对欧亚板块的俯冲,同时认为华北板块与华南板块碰撞后期效应不容忽视。     

通化中生代盆地火山——沉积序列及盆地演化

通化中生代断陷盆地（前人称三源浦盆地）以频繁的沉积作用和火山作用为特征，形成了多旋回的火山—沉积序列，表现为火山爆发相、溢流相与冲积扇相、湖泊相的反复交替，并发育了湖相火山碎屑浊积岩系〔１〕。盆地演化经历了早期非补偿阶段、早期熔浆充填期，火山喷发期后非补偿沉积阶段、晚期熔浆充填期，构成二个大的火山—沉积旋迥。     

加拿大阿尔伯达省西部上泥盆统凯恩组白云岩的成因

加拿大阿尔伯达省西部上泥盆统凯恩组主要由粉晶白云岩和细晶白云岩组成，另外还常见一种充填溶蚀孔洞的亮晶白云石。粉晶白云岩纹理、泥裂和鸟眼等构造发育，其δ＾１３Ｃ为＋１．０‰－＋３．０‰，δ＾１８Ｏ为－６．０‰－－４．３‰，为潮坪上混合水白云化形成。细晶白云岩分布于假整合面之下，其δ＾１３Ｃ为＋０．２‰－＋２．９‰，δ＾１８Ｏ为－６．９‰－－４．６‰，也是混合水白云化的产物。亮晶白云石洁净明亮、晶粒粗