Contemporary 14C radiocarbon levels of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) isolated in sponge-cyanobacteria associations

Considerable debate surrounds the sources of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) in wildlife as to whether they are naturally produced or result from anthropogenic industrial activities. Natural radiocarbon (¹⁴C) abundance has proven to be a powerful tool to address this problem as recently biosynthesized compounds contain contemporary (i.e. modern) amounts of atmospheric radiocarbon; whereas industrial chemicals, mostly produced from fossil fuels, contain no detectable ¹⁴C. However, few compounds isolated from organisms have been analyzed for their radiocarbon content. To provide a baseline, we analyzed the ¹⁴C content of four O-PBDEs. These compounds, 6-OH-BDE47, 2′-OH-BDE68, 2′,6-diOH-BDE159, and a recently identified compound, 2′-MeO-6-OH-BDE120, were isolated from the tropical marine sponges Dysidea granulosa and Lendenfeldia dendyi. The modern radiocarbon content of their chemical structures (i.e. diphenyl ethers, C₁₂H₂₂O) indicates that they are naturally produced. This adds to a growing baseline on, at least, the sources of these unusual compounds.     

超深地下连续墙施工中几个问题的探讨

结合武汉某地下连续墙工程,探讨了超深嵌岩地下连续墙施工过程中出现的因三轴搅拌桩施工造成成槽困难的问题,以及超深地下连续墙接头管安装和起拔问题,并提出了相应的解决措施。实践证明,这些措施是有效的,可以为武汉地区的类似工程提供参考。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments,mussels and crustacea around a former gasworks site in Shoreham-by-Sea,UK

Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been determined in sediments, mussels and crustacea in the vicinity of a former gasworks site by Shoreham Harbour, UK. Very high concentrations of PAH were found in the substrate, an ash-like material deposited on the former gasworks site, which exhibited a profile consistent with the major source of contamination being coal or coke tar produced during the period of gas production at the site. Elevated PAH concentrations were also found in mussels both from the beach below the former gasworks site, and from sites further to the east in Portslade and Hove. The significance of these concentrations were assessed using an approach which involved the calculation of benzo[a]pyrene equivalent conoentrations (BaPEs), summing concentrations of individual PAH on the basis of their comparative potency as carcinogens. BaPE ranged from values of, or close to, zero for crustacea, to 336 microg kg(-1) wet weight in mussels from Southwick Beach. The contaminated mussels are not exploited commercially but may be taken by casual gatherers, and notices have been posted to warn potential consumers.     

土壤生态质量地球化学综合评价初探——以“贵阳市地区多目标区域地球化学调查”成果为例

多目标区域地球化学调查,是针对第四纪覆盖区开展的以基础地质、资源潜力与生态环境等为主要内容的基础性、公益性调查与评价工作,其成果可广泛服务于资源、农业、生态及城市规划等多领域.本文在介绍多目标区域地球化学调查产生的时代背景、工作方法及全国多目标调查取得的主要成果基础上,提出了土壤生态地球化学评价的评价方法和思路,该评价结果可以为贵阳市地区土地资源宏观分等定级提供充分依据.     

参数化地震子波估计模型定阶方法研究综述

参数化模型地震子波提取中模型阶数的确定对子波提取的精度至关重要,笔者针对因果地震子波MA、ARMA模型,总结了目前比较成熟的四类定阶方法：相关分析法、信息量准则法、线性代数法及基于优化算法的模型定阶方法,分析比较发现这些算法都存在不同程度的缺陷,只能在各自的适用范围内得到较好的定阶结果,针对算法在子波建模应用中的不足提出了改进建议;同时分析比较了基于高阶累积量的非因果系统模型定阶的各种方法,并对非因果地震子波模型定阶进行了展望.     

浙东南主要非金属矿成矿特点与成因

本讨论了浙东南地区（江绍断裂以南）高岭土、地开石、伊利石、叶蜡石、明矾石、沸石等非金属矿的产布、地质特征、成矿特点,认为多数系火山玻璃在构造火山～沉（堆）积盆（洼）地成岩后,经大气降水、地下水水解改造,在燕山晚期的近地表氧化开放环境成矿;而萤石矿成因与有富氟花风岩侵入作用及大气降水和地下水改造作用有关两种填类型。     

网格状化合物模型II建立中的改进：H2O—CO2—CH4—N2—C2H6流体系统

以一切可利用的实验数据为基础的H20－CO2－CH4－N2－C2H6流体系统的网格状化合物稳定条件已建成为模型,对于包含在网格状化合物模型中的一些参数,如逸度气体在水中的溶解热度及热动力常数,可根据对它们最准确的计算结果估计纯净的CO2、CH4、N2、C2H6等气体水合物最适合的Kihara参数,对于CO2－CH4,CH4－C2H6等混合型气体水合物,引入过量吉布斯自由能函数并得到一个与实验数据非常吻合的结果,过量吉布斯自由能被描述为一个修正过的Margules方程,它取决于克分子量和温度。     

基于模糊集分析的土壤质量指标高光谱反演

通过对横山县84个土样350~2 500 nm波段的光谱曲线分析,进行土壤质量12项指标的光谱反演。为获得有效光谱反演指标,利用单相关分析方法计算土壤质量指标与光谱反射率的相关系数并绘制相关系数曲线,根据极大相关性选择最佳波段作为光谱反演指标;剔除异常样本后,利用模糊识别理论建立土壤质量指标反演模型,通过优化得到模型的最佳参数。土壤质量12项指标光谱反演模型的平均检验误差均小于15%,说明模型的精度较高。