青东凹陷古近纪构造演化与盆地转型

通过对三维地震、钻井岩心及录测井资料的详细分析解释,发现青东凹陷古近纪不同演化阶段的构造特征存在着差异性:孔店期-沙四早期青东凹陷以NW向断层控盆为主,整体断层数量较少,但规模较大;沙四晚期断层数量明显增多,各个方向控盆断层均有发育,NW向的青东12断层消亡,主要以NWW和近EW向断层活动为主;沙三-沙二期控盆断层走向主要为NE和NEE向.这种构造格局的转变导致了相应的盆地转型,青东凹陷孔店期表现为受郯庐断裂带左旋走滑应力场控制之下的一系列北东断南西超的北西向半地堑,地层沉积厚度大;沙四期青东凹陷表现为NWW与近EW向兼有的复合盆地格局,为盆地转型阶段;沙三期、沙二期受郯庐断裂带右旋走滑应力场的影响,盆地格局完全转为近EW和NE(E)向,开始发育北断南超的半地堑和双断式堑垒构造.     

江南造山带仙霞复式岩体的成因研究

仙霞复式岩体位于江南造山带东北部,是该区出露面积最大的复式岩体之一。本文在野外地质调查的基础上,对仙霞复式岩体不同期次岩浆岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学分析,结果显示该复式岩体侵位分为早、中、晚三阶段,岩性分别为二长花岗岩(143.0±3.5Ma)、花岗闪长岩(140.0±2.0Ma)和钾长花岗岩(138.6±3.5Ma),是江南造山带燕山期早期(146～135Ma)岩浆作用的产物。仙霞复式岩体三阶段岩浆岩均为高碱、弱过铝质岩石,具有相似的稀土元素配分模式,微量元素均呈Rb、Ba、U、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集, Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)亏损的特征,锆石εHf(t)同位素为负值(–15.54～–1.03)。综合分析显示,仙霞复式岩体的岩浆起源于下地壳物质为主的壳幔混合源区,在岩浆上升演化过程中经历了显著的结晶分异作用,形成于早白垩世(146～135 Ma)古太平洋板块向西俯冲的背景下。     

Tectono–Thermal Evolution, Hydrocarbon Filling and Accumulation Phases of the Hari Sag, in the Yingen–Ejinaqi Basin, Inner Mongolia, Northern China

This work restored the erosion thickness of the top surface of each Cretaceous formations penetrated by the typical well in the Hari sag, and simulated the subsidence burial history of this well with software BasinMod. It is firstly pointed out that the tectonic subsidence evolution of the Hari sag since the Cretaceous can be divided into four phases: initial subsidence phase, rapid subsidence phase,uplift and erosion phase, and stable slow subsidence phase. A detailed reconstruction of the tectonothermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation histories of typical well was undertaken using the EASY R_0% model, which is constrained by vitrinite reflectance(R_0) and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions. In the rapid subsidence phase, the peak period of hydrocarbon generation was reached at c.a.105.59 Ma with the increasing thermal evolution degree. A concomitant rapid increase in paleotemperatures occurred and reached a maximum geothermal gradient of about 43-45℃/km. The main hydrocarbon generation period ensued around 105.59-80.00 Ma and the greatest buried depth of the Hari sag was reached at c.a. 80.00 Ma, when the maximum paleo-temperature was over 180℃.Subsequently, the sag entered an uplift and erosion phase followed by a stable slow subsidence phase during which the temperature gradient, thermal evolution, and hydrocarbon generation decreased gradually. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was discussed based on homogenization temperatures of inclusions and it is believed that two periods of rapid hydrocarbon accumulation events occurred during the Cretaceous rapid subsidence phase. The first accumulation period observed in the Bayingebi Formation(K_1 b) occurred primarily around 105.59-103.50 Ma with temperatures of 125-150℃. The second accumulation period observed in the Suhongtu Formation(K_1 s) occurred primarily around84.00-80.00 Ma with temperatures of 120-130℃. The second is the major accumulation period, and the accumulation mainly occurred in the Late Cretaceous. The hydrocarbon accumulation process was comprehensively controlled by tectono-thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history. During the rapid subsidence phase, the paleo temperature and geothermal gradient increased rapidly and resulted in increasing thermal evolution extending into the peak period of hydrocarbon generation,which is the key reason for hydrocarbon filling and accumulation.     

包气带介质截留不同龄垃圾渗滤液中的有机污染物

从渗滤液场龄和包气带岩性两方面着手,研究了不同岩性包气带介质对不同场龄渗滤液中有机污染物的截留作用规律。结果表明:新渗滤液经过以细砂、亚粘土为介质的包气带后,细砂和亚粘土中有机物的质量分数分别从0.70%和0.87%增大至0.80%和1.00%以上,而老渗滤液使细砂和亚粘土中有机物的质量分数降至0.70%和0.50%以下。新渗滤液经过包气带后,包气带介质中有机物的含量增大,而老渗滤液使包气带介质中有机物的含量降低,亚粘土较细砂更容易受到渗滤液污染的影响。即渗滤液性质对包气带介质中有机物含量具有方向性的影响作用,而包气带介质亚粘土比细砂更容易放大这种作用效果。     

龙潭水库诱发地震震源参数分析

利用广西龙滩水库地震台网记录的数字地震波资料,用波谱分析方法计算了龙滩水库库区ML2．5—4．5级共计95个地震的震源参数。并对震源参数进行分析,结果表明：库区视应力的范围在0-3．5巴之间,2007年7月17日库区最大4．5级地震的视应力最大,为3．07巴。视应力随震级的增大呈幂函数增大趋势,两者的拟合关系为：σap...     

地震预测研究的发展展望

简要介绍了主要地震研究国家在地震观测中高新技术的应用和一系列重大地球科学项目的实施情况及其对地震成因、强震机理、地震预测研究的意义,同时对地震观测研究的基本途径和发展方向也进行了阐述。     

龙泉山断裂带地震活动性浅析

通过对龙泉山断裂带东坡断裂和西坡断裂的地震活动性研究,表明该带是一条活断层。历史地震记载和现今地震活动均呈现沿断裂带分布,地震活动呈现周期性和南北跳迁的特点,近10年来地震监测资料表明该带地震活动在增强。     

庐山变质核杂岩的变质变形及构造意义

庐山出露的变质核杂岩的构造层次具有典型的三层结构,即最上面的未变质沉积盖层、中间韧性流变层、核部的变质基底,其间分别以上剥离断层和拆离断层为分界线。上部沉积盖层以脆性变形为主,中间韧性流变层变形程度不一,但远离拆离带变质变形逐渐减弱,而核部的变质基底以强塑性变形为特征。对变质核杂岩南北两条地质剖面的分析,得到三个构造层次的岩石变质变形及岩性变化特征。区域动力学分析反映变质核杂岩东部原拆离带在五里正断层附近。拆离带中多硅白云母压力计得出的变质压力为0.6~1.1 GPa;锆石U-Pb年龄测试得到变质核杂岩的隆升时代为早白垩世。     

Re-Os Age of Cu-Ni Ores from the Huangshandong Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit in the East Tianshan Mountains and Its Implication for Geodynamic Processes

An isochron age of 282±20 (95% conf. limit) Ma of the sulfide ores in the Huangshandong Cu-Ni sulfide deposit, the East Tianshan Mountains has been obtained through Re-Os isotopic measurement. The age implies that the Cu-Ni sulfide deposit and other related deposits in the same area occurred in a Permian extensional environment of post-collision instead of Devonian-Early Carboniferous ophiolite-related oceanic or island arc environments inferred before. It shares the same ages with the orogenic and epithermal gold deposit systems in the same area. An initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.25±0.04 (1σ) and a γos value of 99 on average display the participation of large quantities of crustal components into the rock-forming and ore-forming system during mineralization and magmatic emplacement.     

兰州市金城关断层的活动特征

金城关断层是兰州盆地北部边界的一条重要断层.野外地质调查和钻探资料证实,金城关断层断错在前寒武系变质岩和第三纪砂岩之间及早更新世砾岩之间,其活动时代为第四纪早期.沙井驿-白塔段和五一山段明确有断层存在,而青白石段和南坡坪段不存在断层,金城关断层的实际断层长度只有25km.