盆地动力学研究综述及展望

沉积盆地是地球系统的浅层组成部分,是壳-幔、岩石圈-软流圈两级圈层相互作用的浅部表现形式。沉积盆地分析不仅可以揭示不同类型化石能源、沉积型层控矿产、砂岩型铀矿等资源的分布规律,为矿产勘探提供直接依据,而且可以为大地构造演化过程、重大构造事件、全球环境变迁及气候演变提供丰富资料和详细证据。当代盆地分析不断从单一沉积学分析拓展到综合分析,从静态要素分析拓展到过程和动力机制分析。盆地动力学研究内容包括3部分,即以沉积学分析为主的盆地充填动力学、以构造地质学分析为主的盆地形成演化动力学和多学科交叉的盆地流体动力学研究。近10多年来,盆地动力学研究在深水沉积学、高精度层序地层学、源-汇系统、源区剥蚀过程及其深部响应、大陆边缘盆地动力学及盆地流体动力学等方面取得了长足的进展。     

Molar‐Tooth Structure from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in Lingyuan,Yanshan Region,North China,and Geological Implications

Although its origin has not yet reached a consensus so far, MTS (Molar-Tooth Structure) has been documented for more than 100 years. Current study reports a discovery of MTS from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation, Lingyuan, Yanshan Region, North China, and the features and geological implications of MTS are further discussed. Here, straitigraphic horizons of MTS’s occurrences show that it was mainly located within the top part of the Wumishan Formation, i.e., limestone unit. Four kinds of morphology of MTS, i.e., fine fusiform, debris, ribbon, ptigmatic and nodular (irregular), were recognized and thought to be highly related to the sedimentary environments and facies. Geochemistry of MTS including oxides, trace elements and C, O and Sr isotopes indicates that the horizons of MTS-bearing is of higher Sr/Ba and Ca/Mg ratios, lower positive δ13C and highly negative δ18O values than the adjacent stratigraphic levels of rare MTS. Lithology, morphology and geochemistry of MTS in the Wumishan Formation suggest that MTS occurs mainly in shallow subtidal near the storm wave base, which is typically characterized by warm temperature, oversaturated calcium carbonate seawater and high organic productivity. Furthermore, occasional enrichment of algae bacteria here is more favorable for the calcification of calcium oozes and catalytic for MTS. C isotope composition of the Wumishan Formation and MTS of this study is well correlated with that of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup, North America and Riphean, Siberia, suggesting that MTS acts as a sedimentary record responding to global changes and is a perfect indicator in Precambrian stratigraphic correlation worldwide.     

Stratigraphy and Geochronology of Vertebrate Fossil‐Bearing Jurassic Strata from Linglongta,Jianchang County,Western Liaoning,Northeastern China

Northeastern China contains widely distributed Jurassic terrestrial strata that have yielded many spectacular mammal and pterosaur fossils, in addition to feathered dinosaur fossils and more recent discoveries from Jianchang, particularly from western Liaoning. However, the fossil-bearing stratigraphic succession, regional correlation, and age estimates of the fossils found in Jianchang County and nearby areas have been contentious. Here, we report on the vertebrate fossil-bearing Jurassic stratigraphy from Linglongta, Jianchang County, western Liaoning, including a SHRIMP U-Pb zircon date unambiguously associated with the fossil horizons. The primary goal was to determine the vertebrate fossil-bearing succession. A further aim was to provide age estimations for the fossil-bearing horizon as well as the earliest appearance of feathered dinosaurs, the eutherian–placental clade, and transitional pterosaurs. Field investigations showed that the vertebrate fossil-bearing stratigraphic succession in Jianchang County mainly consists of basal andesites overlain by rhythmic tuffs and tuffaceous lacustrine sediments, with the upper intermediate or acidic lavas interbedded with laminated more or less tuffaceous lacustrine deposits. This sequence correlates well with the Middle Jurassic Lanqi/Tiaojishan Formation in northeastern China. Detailed and accurate field observations showed that the well-preserved vertebrate fossils were buried in either the middle or the upper fine-grained laminated lacustrine deposits. Previous and current SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dates provide an age estimation of 161–159 Myr for the fossil-bearing horizon and vertebrates. This indicates that the earliest appearance of feathered dinosaurs here was more than 159 Myr ago and unquestionably older than Archaeopteryx from Germany, making these the earliest known feathered dinosaurs in the world. Furthermore, the eutherian–placental clade and the known transitional pterosaurs first emerged no later than 161 Myr. The vertebrate assemblage unearthed recently from Linglongta and neighboring areas in Jianchang County belongs to the Daohugou Biota. In addition to feathered dinosaurs, this biota was characterized by mammals, primitive pterosaurs, insects, and plants and was present in Inner Mongolia, western Liaoning, and northern Hebei in northeastern China during the Middle–Late Jurassic.     

青海五道梁地区渐新统雅西错组地球化学特征及成矿作用浅析

以五道梁地区1∶20万水系沉积物测量更新数据为基础,以渐新统雅西错组为研究对象,利用地层汇水域水系沉积物测量元素原始数据进行了参数统计,通过相对丰度、R型聚类分析和因子分析,分析了地层中各元素的含量分布特征及元素间的亲疏关系,进一步浅析了地层在成矿中的作用.认为雅西错组高钙碳酸盐岩建造环境显著,Ba、Sr、Ag、As、Cd、Mo在地层中有不同程度的富集.地层有一定的含矿性,其中Ag趋向于与黏土岩伴随的硅质砂岩类中,其他在碳酸盐岩中.在后期岩浆热源作用下,主要成矿元素能进一步富集成异常或成矿.     

冀西北尚义上侏罗统—下白垩统后城组恐龙足迹新发现及生物古地理意义*

简要报道了新近首次在冀西北张家口尚义地区发现的恐龙足迹。野外地质调查发现,恐龙足迹赋存于尚义晚中生代盆地侏罗系—白垩系后城组顶部。恐龙行迹呈近东西向展布,由数十个足迹构成。初步研究表明,造迹者分别属于兽脚类和蜥脚类恐龙,由西向东行进。足迹中包括兽脚类足迹70余个,组成数个行迹;蜥脚类足迹15个,构成1列行迹。蜥脚类足迹特征显示其可能属于游泳状的行迹。华北北部土城子组/后城组发育于燕辽生物群—热河生物群更替演化时期（晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期）,以往在该时期沉积物中罕见脊椎动物骨骼化石。近年来华北北部土城子组/后城组中频繁发现的恐龙足迹表明,燕辽生物群—热河生物群更替演化时期发育着以恐龙为代表的脊椎动物群。该发现将有助于进一步了解土城子组/后城组沉积时期恐龙属种的多样性及其生物古地理环境。晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期沉积古地理和古生态环境及其与恐龙动物群发育的研究有助于揭示陆地生物群更替演化和环境的关系。     

多尺度视角下城市住宅价格空间格局与影响机制研究

城市住宅价格的空间分异受到多重资源因素的影响,其影响机制在不同尺度上表现出的空间分异格局各不相同.以2015—2018年16个季度成都市中心城区商品住宅小区住宅价格为基本数据,利用空间自相关分析法、多尺度视角分析法探索成都市住宅价格空间分异格局,利用地理加权回归模型(GWR)构建成都市住宅价格特征变量指标体系,分析导致住宅价格空间差异的影响机制,研究发现:在2015—2018年16个季度中,成都市住宅价格先持续上升后出现小幅下降,中心城区各区住宅价格空间自相关性高,表明近年来住宅价格空间邻近联动性强.500 m×500 m栅格尺度下成都市中心城区住宅价格分布不均衡,住宅价格总体呈现中心区域高、边缘区域低分布格局,且南北住宅价格存在一定差异,中心城区住宅价格局部呈现"多中心+边缘化"的空间分布格局.多尺度视角分析法不仅能够考虑尺度效应及分区效应对住宅价格空间格局的影响,而且能够定量分析多资源因素对住宅价格的影响机制,解析多资源因素指标对住宅价格空间分异产生的影响.     

大数据时代地理信息科学专业学生美学素养的培养

加强地理信息科学专业学生美学素养的培养是大数据时代对专业人才的新需求.分析了大数据时代地理信息科学专业的新特征;探讨了地图美学在现代地图学科体系中的地位,以及在地理信息认知、传输和视觉感受过程中的功效;提出了培养学生美学素养的课程设置与具体途径,以提升学生对地图美的感知和创造能力.为相关院校地理信息科学专业课程设置提供...     

基于MODIS的ATI和TVI组合法反演石羊河流域土壤含水量

利用MODIS数据产品MOD11A2、MOD13A1和MCD43A3获取NDVI、ATI(表观热惯量)和TVI(温度植被指数)等参数,以NDVI作为判别阈值将ATI和TVI进行组合建立土壤含水量反演模型,并用预留的实地采样数据对模型进行了验证.最后,结合DEM数据进一步分析了石羊河流域土壤含水量的空间分异规律,结果表明...     

基于遥感技术的吉林省生态资产定量评估与动态监测

利用TM/ETM+卫星影像,在对生态参数测量的基础上,依据生态资产估算方法,对吉林省2000年和2008年的生态资产进行定量测量,得到生态资产空间分布图,并进行了动态变化分析。结果表明:2000～2008年,吉林省生态资产总价值由4 385.61亿元增加到6 751.31亿元,单位面积价值增加了24.17万元/(km2.a)。在不同生态系统类型中,有林地生态资产总价值的变化最大,8 a间增加了1 193.60亿元;而未利用地生态价值增加得最少,只有15.75亿元。从生态资产总价值的空间分布上来看,2000年和2008年的吉林省生态资产总价值分布都呈现由东向西逐渐降低的趋势。     

手持GPS定位精度与误差的研究

分别探讨在绝对定位和相对定位两种模式下手持式GPS定位的稳定性,得出合理的观测时间长。通过不同时长的观测数据的对比分析给出：实时定位与长时间定位观测值之差在1m之内。手持GPS绝对定位的准确度即测量的结果与其真实位置符合程度非常高,能够控制在亚米级的范围之内。在卫星个数较多的情况下,实时定位的精度也能控制在亚米级的范围之内。利用单点定位系统误差改正模型,消除或减弱某些误差后能得到更高的精度,使得单点定位精度达到半米之内甚至更高。