四川会理大田隘口镍矿地质特征及可利用性探索

会理菜子园超基性蛇纹岩带的风化壳较发育,分布面积较大,保存较完好,于大田隘口、河包田橄榄-蛇纹岩的风化壳红土型镍矿见Ⅰ、Ⅱ号镍矿体,为中型镍矿床,共(伴)生矿产为铁、钴矿,矿石较易选冶,利于开发利用。     

Rapid Assessment of Marine Pollution (RAMP)

RAMP embraces the integrated use of methods for the rapid measurement, assessment and access to information on the nature, sources and influences of coastal environmental change. It embraces approaches held in the literature, research and programs of RAMP (Rapid Assessment of Marine Pollution) and the emerging work described as RASE (Rapid Assessment of Socio-Economic Indicators). To protect coastal ecosystems and the health of communities effectively, management infrastructure requires the tools and resources necessary to detect damage to coastal ecosystems and their components, identify causative agents, impose remedial action, and demonstrate that measures have been effective. Pragmatic monitoring and prediction capabilities must also be built to provide further confidence that human impacts are being minimized and that threats to human health have been contained. For most of the world, however, the ability to build such capability is a technical challenge and often cost prohibitive. These constraints point to the need to develop and expand the integrated use of simple, robust, cost-effective environmental assessment procedures. This paper suggests that a system built around the Rapid Assessment of Marine Pollution (RAMP) and the Rapid Assessment of Socio-Economic Indicators (RASE) can, should and in some cases already has been effective in meeting such informational and management needs.     

Future aquatic nutrient limitations

Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth in aquatic systems is moving towards a higher incidence of P and Si limitation as a result of increased nitrogen loading, a N:P fertilizer use of 26:1 (molar basis), population growth, and relatively stable silicate loading. This result will likely alter phytoplankton community composition, and may compromise diatom-->zooplankton-->fish food webs.     

Carbon isotopic fractionation in lipids from methanotrophic bacteria II: the effects of physiology and environmental parameters on the biosynthesis and isotopic signatures of biomarkers

Controls on the carbon isotopic signatures of methanotroph biomarkers have been further explored using cultured organisms. Growth under conditions which select for the membrane-bound particulate form of the methane monooxygenase enzyme (pMMO) leads to a significantly higher isotopic fractionation than does growth based on the soluble isozyme in both RuMP and serine pathway methanotrophs; in an RuMP type the delta delta 13Cbiomass equaled -23.9% for pMMO and -12.6% for sMMO. The distribution of biomarker lipids does not appear to be significantly affected by the dominance of one or the other MMO type and their isotopic compositions generally track those of the parent biomass. The 13C fractionation behaviour of serine pathway methanotrophs is very complex, reflecting the assimilation of both methane and carbon dioxide and concomitant dissimilation of methane-derived carbon. A limitation in CH4 availability leads to the production of biomass which is 13C-enriched with respect to both carbon substrates and this occurs irrespective of MMO type. This startling result indicates that there must be an additional fractionation step downstream from the MMO reaction which leads to incorporation of 13C-enriched carbon at the expense of dissimilation of 13C-depleted CO2. In these organisms, polyisoprenoid lipids are 13C-enriched compared to polymethylenic lipid which is the reverse of that found in the RuMP types. Serine cycle hopanoids, for example, can vary anywhere from 12% depleted to 10% enriched with respect to the CH4 substrate depending on its concentration. Decrease in growth temperature caused an overall increase in isotopic fractionation. In the total biomass, this effect tended to be masked by physiological factors associated with the type of organism and variation in the bulk composition. The effect was, however, clearly evident when monitoring the 13C signature of total lipid and individual biomarkers. Our results demonstrate that extreme carbon isotopic depletion in field samples and fossil biomarker lipids can be indicative of methanotrophy but the converse is not always true. For example, the hopanoids of a serine cycle methanotroph may be isotopically enriched by more than 10% compared to the substrate methane when the latter is limiting. In other words, hopanoids from some methanotrophs such as M. trichosporium would be indistinguishable from those of cyanobacteria or heterotrophic bacteria on the basis of either chemical structure or carbon isotopic signature.     

Longer distance commuting as a substitute for migration in Britain: a review of trends,issues and implications

"Drawing on analyses of commuting data from secondary sources as well as on selected results from a research project on long-distance commuting in Britain, this article investigates the extent to which, and why, households may choose to substitute longer distance commuting for migration. Reasons for long-distance weekly commuting, and associated advantages and disadvantages from individual, household and employer perspectives, are outlined. The evidence points to increasing complexity in home and working lives, with important implications for housing, transport and human resource management policies, as well as for family life."     

中国北方六盘山盆地新生界油气包裹体的发现及其油气地质意义

在六盘山盆地新生界清水营组石膏中发现了大量的油气包裹体,而油气包裹体的研究对认识盆地新生界油气成藏条件,拓展盆地油气勘探思路具有重要的意义.通过野外地质调查、样品采集和分析测试等手段对清水营组石膏中油气包裹体的发育特征和组成特征进行研究,并开展油源对比,分析油气包裹体中油气的来源和形成过程,探讨了六盘山盆地新生界油气成藏条件和运聚特征.结果表明:清水营组结晶状石膏中油气包裹体中原油来源于清水营组烃源岩;纤维状石膏脉中油气包裹体原油来源于白垩系马东山组烃源岩.六盘山盆地清水营组泥岩具有生烃潜力,是盆地潜在的烃源岩;白垩系烃源岩生成的油气可以沿着断裂等输导体系向上覆地层运移,并在新生界聚集,沟通白垩系烃源岩断层附近的新生界圈闭是六盘山盆地有利的油气聚集区.      

基于无人飞行平台的小型Ka波段合成孔径 雷达系统研制

无人飞行平台具有滞空时间长、使用维护方便等优点,在军事侦查打击、国土资源普查、灾害监测等领域的应用日益广泛。合成孔径雷达是一种二维成像雷达,能够得到类似光学图片的雷达图像,具有全天候、高分辨率、宽检测范围等优点,是无人飞行平台的重要载荷之一。然而,受限于无人飞行平台相对较小的空间与负载能力,雷达载荷必须向小型、轻量以及低功耗等方面发展。Ka波段电磁波信号具有波长短、带宽大、关键微波器件的体积小等特点,适合应用于高分辨率微小型雷达载荷。2015年中国科学院电子学研究所面向中小型无人飞行平台,开展了研制的小型高分辨率Ka波段合成孔径雷达工作,并通过试飞验证了雷达性能。本文研究了Ka波段SAR雷达系统各项关键技术,介绍了雷达系统及关键模块设计方案、雷达各工作模式的参数设计和实时成像算法,展示了该雷达在轻型飞行平台上获得的高分辨率飞行图像,并对图像进行了指标分析。试验结果表明：该Ka波段雷达系统成像清晰,图像分辨率优于0.2 m,满足设计指标要求;实测雷达重量低于10 Kg,峰值功耗小于100 W,适用于轻小型无人飞行平台。     

鄂西北南化塘地区速冲推覆韧性剪切变形特征及位移量计算

逆冲推覆韧性剪切变形是鄂西北南化塘地区的主期变形．分别由上震旦统碳酸盐岩褶皱层、耀岭河群强变形层及武当山群顶部糜棱岩组成。剪切带面理南倾，推覆方向自南西向北东．其内发育逆冲褶皱、剪切透镜体、Ａ型拉伸线理等宏观构造及σ型、Ｓ－Ｃ、斜长石骨牌式、帘石雪球、压力影等微观构造．耀岭河群顶底层位发育蓝闪片岩，顶部为基性蓝闪片岩，底部为长英质蓝闪片岩，特征矿物是有铝闪石。剪切位移量大于１６．８ｋｍ，压力为５×１０６～３．８×１０６Ｐａ．逆冲推覆韧性剪切变形同华北古板块与扬子古板块相互碰撞密切相关．