短线法节段梁预制匹配测量之无塔测量方法

本文探讨一种不需要专用测量塔的匹配测量方法,即无塔测量。在模板平台上安置全站仪,观测固定端模上的5个控制点,由仪器内置后方交会程序计算设站坐标,进行平面定向、高程设置等测站操作,直至完成匹配测量。通过理论研究及实际数据比对分析,无塔测量能够代替测量塔匹配测量方法,可以满足轴线±3 mm、高程±2 mm的匹配测量要求,同时也省去了测量塔的建造和维护成本,具有一定的生产实用价值。     

城镇数字地籍更新调查方案与实施问题的探讨

根据笔者承担的日常更新项目,对项目的技术方案与实施以及需关注的问题加以探讨。     

北黄海海域虾夷扇贝体内脂溶性藻毒素分析

海洋中有毒藻类产生的藻毒素能够经由食物链在滤食性贝类体内累积,危及人类健康。高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS/MS)可以对多类脂溶性藻毒素进行同步分析,是贝类中脂溶性藻毒素检测的首选方法。本文应用液-质联用方法,对北黄海虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)中的脂溶性毒素进行了分析。虾夷扇贝样品于2011年采自北黄海海域,并解剖为闭壳肌、外套膜、内脏团和性腺四部分。在虾夷扇贝中共检测到大田软海绵酸(Okadaic acid,OA)、鳍藻毒素-1(Dinophysis toxin 1,DTX1)、扇贝毒素-2(Pectenotoxin 2,PTX2)和虾夷扇贝毒素(Yessotoxin,YTX)四种脂溶性毒素成分。在扇贝各组织中,内脏团毒素含量最高(OA:1.97—2.99μg/kg;DTX1:4.97—77.29μg/kg;PTX2:1.12—50.08μg/kg;YTX:825—6680μg/kg),其次是性腺和外套膜,闭壳肌中毒素含量最低。各组织之间的毒素组成情况没有明显差异,均以YTX含量最高,占脂溶性藻毒素总含量的90%以上。除YTX外,扇贝体内还存在一定量的OA、DTX1和PTX2毒素,虾夷扇贝中检出PTX2在我国系首次报道。北黄海海水样品中存在较高密度的渐尖鳍藻(Dinophysis acuminata)和倒卵形鳍藻(D.fortii),可能是虾夷扇贝体内OA,DTX1和PTX2的潜在来源。为防范虾夷扇贝中藻毒素造成危害,应进一步强化对北黄海海域贝类中藻毒素及海水中有毒藻类的监测。     

Timing of the Acadian Orogeny in Northern New Hampshire

New U-Pb geochronology constrains the timing of the Acadian orogeny in the Central Maine Terrane of northern New Hampshire. Sixteen fractions of one to six grains each of zircon or monazite have been analyzed from six samples: (1) an early syntectonic diorite that records the onset of the Acadian; (2) a schist, a migmatite, and two granites that together record the peak of the Acadian; and (3) a postkinematic pluton that records the end of the Acadian. Zircon from the syntectonic Wamsutta Diorite gives a 207Pb/206Pb age of circa 408 Ma, the time at which the boundary between the deforming orogenic wedge and the foreland basin was in the vicinity of the Presidential Range. This age agrees well with the Emsian position of the northwest migrating Acadian orogenic front and records the beginning of the Acadian in this part of the Central Maine Terrane. We propose a possible Acadian tectonic model that incorporates the geochronologic, structural, and stratigraphic data. Monazite from the schist, migmatite, Bigelow Lawn Granite, and Slide Peak Granite gives 207Pb/206U ages, suggesting the peak of Acadian metamorphism and intrusion of two-mica granites occurred at circa 402-405 Ma, the main pulse of Acadian orogenesis. Previously reported monazite ages from schists that likely record the peak metamorphism in the Central Maine Terrane of New Hampshire and western Maine range from circa 406-384 Ma, with younger ages in southeastern New Hampshire and progressively older ages to the west, north, and northeast. Acadian orogenesis in the Presidential Range had ended by circa 355 Ma, the 207Pb/235U age of monazite from the Peabody River Granite. From 408 to perhaps at least 394 Ma, Acadian orogenesis in the Presidential Range was typical of the tectonic style, dominated by synkinematic metamorphism, seen in central and southern New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. From no earlier than 394 Ma to as late as 355 Ma, the orogenesis was typical of the style in parts of Maine dominated by postkinematic metamorphism.     

长江口南部赤潮区春季表层沉积物中色素组成、含量与分布状况

为剖析长江口邻近海域春季硅藻藻华后期藻类沉降与底层水体缺氧现象之间的关系,作者于2011年春季,在长江口南部赤潮区采集了表层沉积物样品,并通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC),对浮游植物色素进行了分析。结果表明,硅藻藻华发生后,表层沉积物中叶绿素a(Chl a)、岩藻黄素(Fuco)和19’-丁酰氧基岩藻黄素(But-Fuco)含量有显著增加,高值区主要分布在调查海域东南侧50 m等深线外侧,与底层低氧水体分布区基本吻合。因此,硅藻藻华后沉降的藻类对于该海域夏季缺氧区的形成应具有一定作用,其具体过程和机制仍有待于研究。     

Removal of river-stage fluctuations from well response using multiple regression

Many contaminated unconfined aquifers are located in proximity to river systems. In groundwater studies, the physical presence of a river is commonly represented as a transient-head boundary that imposes hydrologic responses within the intersected unconfined aquifer. The periodic fluctuation of river-stage height at the boundary produces associated responses within the adjacent aquifer system, the magnitude of which is a function of the existing well, aquifer, boundary conditions, and characteristics of river-stage fluctuations. The presence of well responses induced by the river stage can significantly limit characterization and monitoring of remedial activities within the stress-impacted area. This article demonstrates the use of a time-domain, multiple-regression, convolution (superposition) method to develop well/aquifer river response function (RRF) relationships. Following RRF development, a multiple-regression deconvolution correction approach can be applied to remove river-stage effects from well water-level responses. Corrected well responses can then be analyzed to improve local aquifer characterization activities in support of optimizing remedial actions, assessing the area-of-influence of remediation activities, and determining mean groundwater flow and contaminant flux to the river system.     

爱普生助力遥感产生化发展

近年来,随着经济社会和测绘地理信息事业的发展,遥感的服务领域越来越广。遥感测绘地理信息项目从大地测量、工程测量、遥感、地图编制、房产测量等传统项目     

Ecotoxicological approach for assessing the contamination of a Hawaiian coral reef ecosystem (Honolua Bay, Maui) by metals and a metalloid

The goal of this study was to assess the contamination of Honolua Bay using an ecotoxicological approach. First, the concentrations of 9 contaminants (metals and metalloid) were assessed in sediments and tropical marine organisms (alga Halimeda kanaloana, goatfish Parupeneus multifasciatus and urchin Tripneustes gratilla) sampled from Honolua and surrounding Bays. Then, the ecological parameters characterizing coral health (e.g. coral cover) were evaluated in Honolua Bay in the context of these contaminants. High concentrations of Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and V in sediments from Honolua and Honokohau Bay were measured, but these concentrations were not mirrored in the organisms examined, except for Mn, suggesting that the metals are generally bound in chemically inert forms in these sediments. Moreover, few anthropogenic activities impact these bays and so the elevated Co, Cr, Mn, Ni and V concentrations in sediments appear to stem from their high natural background in Honolua and Honokohau watersheds. An analysis of the relationship between the ecological parameters and metal concentrations in Honolua Bay revealed a significant correlation between coral cover and Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, V, Zn concentrations in sediments, with coral cover decreasing with increasing metal concentration. Collectively, however, the data suggest that a complex mixture of land-based stressors (e.g. sediment, metals, nutrients) affect the coral health in Honolua Bay, rather than metal stress alone.     

聂荣臻与中国第一艘核潜艇

元帅起草的绝密报告新中国建立初期，船舶工业基础薄弱，技术落后。要建立一支强大的人民海军，保卫我国漫长的海岸线，没有先进的舰艇是不可能的。致力于国防工业科研工作的聂荣臻元帅，在得知核潜艇在未来反世界霸权主义斗争中的重要作用后，决心建造中国自己的核潜艇。要知道，在当时，新中国连常规潜艇也不能建造啊！１９５８年６月，聂荣臻元帅亲笔以自己的名义起草一份绝密报告：《关于开展研制导弹原子潜艇的报告》。这份报告很快在毛泽东、周恩来、彭德怀、邓小平等人的办公室桌上转了几个来回，最后，它带着几位领导人的批示重新回到了聂荣臻元帅的办公桌上。毛主席下决心：“核潜艇，一万年也要搞出来。”不久，国务院和中央军委指示以某原子能研究所为主，开始潜艇核动力装置的开发研究工作。当时，核科学人才奇缺，除了少数几个人懂得核科学之外，大多数科学工作者对核的了解还是比较肤浅的。世界上也只有美国，前苏联两国拥有核潜艇，可是他们都对中国进行了核技术封锁。在开始核动力潜艇研究时，科学家手中所掌握的“资料”仅仅只有两张外国杂志上发表的并不完全的核潜艇外形照片。就这样，中国科学工作者凭着一颗报效祖国的赤诚之心开始了研制工作。核潜艇研制工作不能下马在海军科学研究...