在沉积物搬运过程中气体水合物的自然赋存作用

自然界中赋存的气体水合物在海底沉积物是处于半固结状态,具有储存大量的气体和水的潜能。当水合物的平衡条件被打破时,能释放出气体和水。因此,水合物能给巨大的沉积物搬运提供潜在的形成机制。在海底低水温和正常静水压力条件下,大部分陆坡和所有海隆、深海平原在靠近海底沉积物的孔隙不处在饱和或近饱和状态下,烃类气体将形成水合物。水合物的气体既可能是原地微生物成因气,也可能是来自较深部沉积物的热解气。稳定水合物沉积物的平衡条件可能遭到破坏,例如由连续沉积或者海平面下降所引起,其中任何一种情况出现使部分固体气－水混合物开始分解。释放出气体和水的体积超过水合物自身的体积,如果大量水合物分解,那么其内部压力能猛烈地骤增,原来部分稳定的沉积物转化为富含气体和富含水的低密度泥岩。当内部压力由于气体压缩或者浮力作用变得非常大时,其上覆沉积物隆起甚至破裂,而非致密的气侵泥岸可以向上运移。与水合物有关非常大时,其上覆沉积物隆起甚至破裂,而非致密的气侵泥岸可以向上运移。与水合物有关的这些现象可以引起泥底辟、泥火山、泥滑坡或浊流,这取决于沉积物的结构和海底地形。     

对海洋生态文明建设的思考

从生态文明建设的总体需要出发,阐述了海洋生态文明建设是实现经济和社会科学、协调、可持续发展的必然要求.海洋生态文明建设主要包括海洋生态意识文明、海洋生态行为文明、海洋生态道德文明、海洋生态制度文明和海洋生态产业文明等主要方面.推进海洋生态文明建设重点要提高海洋生态意识,发展海洋生态产业,强化海洋环境保护,推进海洋科技创新.     

夯实基础 开拓创新 努力构建科学保障新机制

几年来,宁陵县国土资源局按照“抓队伍,强基础,保耕地,促发展,的工作思路,积极构建科学保障新机制。     

冬季地面最低温度分析预报服务系统

地面最低温度是农业、水利、建筑、交通等部门期望得到的新的预报内容。为此，在分析其气候规律的基础上，对其“天气类型”进行特征分析与划分，建立经验规则，设计岭回归模型，最后建成具有一定特色的预报服务系统。实践表明，该系统具有较强的实用性和预报能力。     

Estimates of sediment and nutrient loads in 10 major catchments draining to the Great Barrier Reef during 2006-2009

The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchment area has been monitored simultaneously for sediment and nutrient exports from 10 priority catchments discharging into the GBR lagoon between 2006 and 2009. This allows GBR catchment-wide exports to be estimated and spatially compared within a discrete time-frame. Elevated levels of sediment and nutrient exports were recorded in all monitored catchments as compared to pre-European estimates, but vary around previous estimates of mean annual loads. During the period of monitoring, the Burdekin and Fitzroy catchments contributed the highest sediment and nutrient exports, however when loads were normalised for area, these catchments produced the lowest unit yields. In contrast, the highest yields were produced in the wetter and proportionately more intensively cultivated Johnstone, O'Connell, and Pioneer catchments particularly for dissolved nitrogens. This assessment offers the necessary scientific foundation for future monitoring, assessment, and management of sediment and nutrient loads entering the GBR.     

地震应急现场信息分类初步研究

地震应急现场信息分类的核心目标是实现灾情信息的快速上报、关键信息特征的识别和为辅助决策提供客观现实依据。按照信息内容的本质属性,依据发生什么事件、产生什么影响、对产生的影响有何响应,针对响应有什么成效这样的思路将地震应急现场信息分为地震震情信息、灾情信息、应急处置信息、处置效益信息4个大类。在对信息字段进行定义时,考虑了信息来源,将信息本质属性与信息源进行有机结合。分类成果可以应用于地震行业应急处置和各级政府应急处置的信息汇集、分析、处理,还可以依据分类体系充分利用社会公众参与灾情速报。由于灾难事件的应急处置具有相似性,本研究的成果适当修改后也可应用于其它行业的应急处置工作。     

基于罗德里格矩阵的三维激光扫描点云配准算法

本文提出了一种基于罗德里格矩阵的激光扫描点云配准直接计算方法。利用反对称矩阵和罗德里格矩阵的性质,用3个独立参数代替3个旋转角参数建立一种新旋转矩阵解算模型,推导出旋转变换误差方程,确定平移参数的计算公式。通过实验分析了坐标转换模型的精度和点云配准效果,结果表明该算法精度高,计算过程简单,可以准确地解算出三维坐标转换参数。     

Differential kinetics and temperature dependence of abiotic and biotic processes controlling the environmental fate of TNT in simulated marine systems

This work seeks to understand how the balance of abiotic and biotic kinetic processes in sediments control the residual concentration of TNT in marine systems after release from ocean-dumped source. Kinetics of TNT disappearance were followed using marine sediments at different temperatures and under both biotic and presumably abiotic conditions (through sodium azide addition). Sediments exhibiting the highest rate of TNT disappearance under biotic conditions also exhibited the highest sorption affinity for TNT under abiotic conditions. Significant temperature dependence in the abiotic processes was observed in the diffusion coefficient of TNT and not sediment sorption affinity. At higher temperature, kinetics of biotic processes outpaced abiotic processes, but at low temperature, kinetics of abiotic processes were much more significant. We concluded that the differential influence of temperature on the kinetics of abiotic and biotic processes could provide distinguishing predictions for the potential residual concentration of TNT contamination in marine-sediment systems.     

WMO和世界臭氧研究

ＷＭＯ和世界臭氧研究Ｄｒ．Ｒｕｍｅｎ；Ｄ．Ｂｏｊｋｏｖ１前言最近二十年来，臭氧研究已从仅是一小部分科学家感兴趣的大气痕量气体研究发展成一个全球紧迫性课题。这种变革的发生是因为这方面的科学家确信大气臭氧的通常含量由于人类活动而发生着变化。臭氧（Ｏ３）是...