十七个大气环流模式模拟雪—气候反馈的结果分析

一般认为大气温室气体浓度增加引起的全球变暖因受雪的反馈作用而加强.通常对此的解释为:较暖的地球积雪覆盖面减少从而导致这样较暗的星球吸收更多的太阳辐射.在十七个大气环流模式中,我们应用海面温度扰动作为表征气候变化的一个量,对这些模式结果进行对比研究.结果表明,上述这种解释过于简单,并指出,云的相互作用和长波辐射都可能导致额外的加强或缓和增暖的作用.在十七个气候模式中,雪反馈净效应的量是显著不同的,该量在一些模式为弱负反馈,而在其它的则为强正反馈.     

Recent Changes in the Near-Infrared Structure of eta Carinae

I present the first results from a Hubble Space Telescope/NICMOS imaging study of the most metal-poor blue compact dwarf galaxy, I Zw 18. The near-infrared color-magnitude diagram (CMD) is dominated by two populations, one 10-20 Myr population of red supergiants and one 0.1-5 Gyr population of asymptotic giant branch stars. Stars older than 1 Gyr are required to explain the observed CMD at the adopted distance of 12.6 Mpc, showing that I Zw 18 is not a young galaxy. The results hold also if the distance to I Zw 18 is significantly larger. This rules out the possibility that I Zw 18 is a truly young galaxy formed recently in the local universe.     

基于无人机倾斜摄影的数字露头实景三维模型构建

地质露头在地质研究中具有极其重要的地位。传统地质露头野外数据采集多以相机拍照、人工测量为主,存在诸多局限性。基于无人机的倾斜摄影技术及其配套的快速三维建模技术是近年发展起来的高新技术。本文将无人机倾斜摄影技术引入地质露头数据采集中,研究了基于无人机倾斜摄影的数字露头实景三维模型构建方法并详细论述了工作流程。文章以鄂尔多斯盆地大石头井沟剖面和二道沟剖面为例进行了案例分析。研究表明：基于构建的数字露头实景三维模型可进行剖面量测、岩层岩性分析、岩层走向分析、岩层叠覆情况分析等多种地质分析。相较于传统地质露头数据采集方式,该方法具有真实全面、高效易用的特点。     

A distance-drawdown aquifer test method for aquifers with areal anisotropy

A new distance-drawdown method for aquifers with anisotropy on the horizontal plane is presented. The method uses scalar transformation to convert to an equivalent, isotropic medium, thus permitting application of the Cooper-Jacob Method. The method is applicable to cases where at least one ellipse of equal drawdown can be delineated but can also be applied where no ellipse can be discerned from the data. In the latter case, a least-squares regression approach can be employed to estimate the orientation and magnitude of the anisotropy. The regression R2 value provides a quantitative assessment of the degree to which the drawdown data are indicative of a systematic areal anisotropy in the aquifer or whether the data simply reflect natural aquifer heterogeneity. In addition to confined aquifers, this methodology, like the Cooper-Jacob Method, is also applicable to unconfined aquifers either before the onset of delayed drainage or following the completion of delayed drainage provided that the u value meets the recommended criterion.     

Survivorship of coral juveniles in a fish farm environment

Intensive fish farming is an emerging coastal activity that can potentially enhance sedimentation and promote eutrophication in fringing coral reefs. Here, we investigate the effect of fish farm effluent on the juvenile survivorship of the reef-building coral Seriatopora caliendrum. One-month old juvenile corals (on terracotta tiles) were deployed in fish farm and reference (reef) sites in Bolinao, the Philippines at a depth of 2m. After forty days, no survivor was recovered in the fish farm, while survivorship was low (11%) in the reference site, with the survivors' growth rate at 3.3polypsmo(-1) or 1.3mm(2)mo(-1). The fish farm deployed tiles were covered with muddy sediment and were colonized by barnacles, whereas those in the reference site were overgrown by a short stand of filamentous macroalgae. Environmental monitoring revealed higher nutrient levels (ammonia and phosphate), sedimentation rate, and organic matter flux, as well as diminished water transparency and dissolved oxygen levels in the fish farm compared to the reference site. Hence, intensive fish farming offers a suite of physical, chemical and biological modifications of the coastal marine environment which have a detrimental effect on the survivorship of coral juveniles.     

Monitoring of Irgarol 1051 concentrations with concurrent phytoplankton evaluations in East Coast areas of the United States

The objectives of this study were to measure: (1) Irgarol and GS26575 (major metabolite) during the peak 2004 boating season at selected marinas and reference areas in the Carolinian Zoogeographic Province of the Eastern United States; (2) Irgarol and GS26575 at selected stations during the summer months in the Back Creek/Severn River area in Maryland in 2003 and 2004; and (3) structural and functional characteristics of resident phytoplankton communities concurrently with Irgarol and GS26575 monitoring in Back Creek/Severn River area. Irgarol concentrations from 14 marinas in the Carolinian Province ranged from non-detectable (<1 ng/L) to 85 ng/L; concentrations were less than 16 ng/L at all reference sites. The probability of exceeding the plant 10th centile for Irgarol (251 ng/L) was less than 0.6% for all marinas and 0.01% for all reference areas. These data suggest low ecological risk from Irgarol exposure for both marina and reference areas in the Carolinian Province. Irgarol concentrations ranged from 5 ng/L at the Severn River reference site to 1,816 ng/L in Port Annapolis marina during the two year study. Ecological risk from Irgarol exposure was high for the Port Annapolis marina sites based on a probability of exceeding the plant 10th centile. However, risk was low for Severn River and Severn River reference sites. Functional and structural measures of resident phytoplankton communities in the Back Creek and Severn River did not suggest that these target species are impaired in the Port Annapolis marina area where probabilistic analysis predicted adverse effects from Irgarol exposure.     

Sublethal effect of naphthalene on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in the edible marine crab Scylla serrata

The effect of naphthalene on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status was studied in hepatopancreas, haemolymph and ovary of the Scylla serrata with reference to the active vitellogenic stage. There was an overall increase in lipid peroxidation activity in the tested samples. In contrast, the enzymatic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamins C, E and glutathione) showed decreased activities for hepatopancreas, haemolymph and ovary.     

基于信息量法和支持向量机的芦山县滑坡危险性评价

地质滑坡对人员和经济形成了巨大威胁,因此,区域地质滑坡危险性评价变得极其重要.为了将滑坡带来的损失降到最低,这里以芦山县作为研究区,分析研究区内地质环境的滑坡成因等相关特征,选择12种滑坡因子作为其滑坡危险性评价指标,采用AHP层次分析法确定滑坡因子权重,使用基于径向基核函数的支持向量机模型和信息量模型,对芦山区域进行...     

大型制像工程分块壁板测量方法

一般大型制像工程要经过小比例模型(1∶10)、1∶1石膏模型及艺术重塑、分块壁板铸造与室内预组装、现场安装等工艺流程。阐述由1∶1石膏模型到现场安装的成型测绘技术,包括大型制像工程中分块壁板的结构特点、安装技术要求、测量安装定位方法以及建造过程中所涉及的测量技术要求等,并以在建的某48m大佛头部安装为工程实例,详细阐述分块壁板测绘、室内预组装、现场安装的测控技术流程,评定石膏模型分块角点的测量精度。进而,总结出一套适于大型制像工程的测绘技术和方法,为同类制像工程提供借鉴和帮助。