辽西热河生物群中的水虿化石新发现

本文描述了热河生物群中2个水虿新种：Gomphus? biconuexus sp．nov,和Aeschna?acrodonta sp．nov．,它们分别属于Gomphidae科和Aeshnidae科。化石采自辽西北票黄半吉沟义县组下部(晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期)。     

Critical tissue copper residues for marine bivalve (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and echinoderm (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) embryonic development: conceptual, regulatory and environmental implications

Critical tissue copper (Cu) residues associated with adverse effects on embryo-larval development were determined for the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) following laboratory exposure to Cu-spiked seawater collected from San Diego Bay, California, USA. Whole body no-observed-effect-residues (NOER) were similar, with means of 21 and 23mugg(-1)dw, for M. galloprovincialis and S. purpuratus, respectively. Mean whole body median effect residues (ER50) were 49 and 142mugg(-1)dw for M. galloprovincialis and S. purpuratus, respectively. The difference in ER50s between species was reduced to a factor of <2 when expressed as soft tissue residues. Coefficients of variation among whole body-ER50s were 3-fold lower than median waterborne effect concentrations (EC50) for both species exposed to samples varying in water quality characteristics. This suggests that tissue concentrations were a better predictor of toxicity than water concentrations. The CBRs described herein do not differentiate between the internal Cu concentrations that are metabolically available and those that are accumulated and then detoxified. They do appear, however, to be well enough related to the level of accumulation at the site of action of toxicity that they serve as useful surrogates for the copper concentration that affects embryonic development of the species tested. Results presented have potentially important implications for a variety of monitoring and assessment strategies. These include regulatory approaches for deriving saltwater ambient water quality criteria for Cu, contributions towards the development of a saltwater biotic ligand model, the conceptual approach of using CBRs, and ecological risk assessment.     

吉林夹皮沟金矿带构造地球化学特征分析

对夹皮沟金矿的区域、矿带、矿体和成矿元素等构造地球化学特征进行了系统分析,结果表明,中生代太平洋板块向华北板块碰撞、俯冲,其效应激发了幔源和壳源岩浆的发生,成矿微量元素活化、迁移并形成区域性Au、Cu侧向分带。矿带内Cu-Au-Bi对称性分布、控矿构造组合类型与矿体原生晕序列的相关性以及稳定同位素所揭示的构造分馏等特征,都体现夹皮沟金矿带是幔-壳流体加入、矿质多源、中生代构造-岩浆-成矿作用的产物。     

Remediation of NAPL source zones: lessons learned from field studies at Hill and Dover AFB

Innovative remediation studies were conducted between 1994 and 2004 at sites contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) at Hill and Dover AFB, and included technologies that mobilize, solubilize, and volatilize NAPL: air sparging (AS), surfactant flushing, cosolvent flooding, and flushing with a complexing-sugar solution. The experiments proved that aggressive remedial efforts tailored to the contaminant can remove more than 90% of the NAPL-phase contaminant mass. Site-characterization methods were tested as part of these field efforts, including partitioning tracer tests, biotracer tests, and mass-flux measurements. A significant reduction in the groundwater contaminant mass flux was achieved despite incomplete removal of the source. The effectiveness of soil, groundwater, and tracer based characterization methods may be site and technology specific. Employing multiple methods can improve characterization. The studies elucidated the importance of small-scale heterogeneities on remediation effectiveness, and fomented research on enhanced-delivery methods. Most contaminant removal occurs in hydraulically accessible zones, and complete removal is limited by contaminant mass stored in inaccessible zones. These studies illustrated the importance of understanding the fluid dynamics and interfacial behavior of injected fluids on remediation design and implementation. The importance of understanding the dynamics of NAPL-mixture dissolution and removal was highlighted. The results from these studies helped researchers better understand what processes and scales are most important to include in mathematical models used for design and data analysis. Finally, the work at these sites emphasized the importance and feasibility of recycling and reusing chemical agents, and enabled the implementation and success of follow-on full-scale efforts.     

招远市夏甸金矿含金流体成因及就位机制的研究

通过对夏甸金矿石英中流体包裹体成分和矿石微量元素测定,得出含金流体为幔源-岩浆和变质复合成因.依据容矿断裂形成机制的理论分析、高温高压实验研究、含金流体就位过程及容矿断裂形成环境的探讨,提出复合含金流体主动就位机制.     

Using MODFLOW 2000 to model ET and recharge for shallow ground water problems

In environments with shallow ground water elevation, small changes in the water table can cause significant variations in recharge and evapotranspiration fluxes. Particularly, where ground water is close to the soil surface, both recharge and evapotranspiration are regulated by a thin unsaturated zone and, for accuracy, must be represented using nonconstant and often nonlinear relationships. The most commonly used ground water flow model today, MODFLOW, was originally designed with a modular structure with independent packages representing recharge and evaporation processes. Systems with shallow ground water, however, may be better represented using either a recharge function that varies with ground water depth or a continuous recharge and evapotranspiration function that is dependent on depth to water table. In situations where the boundaries between recharging and nonrecharging cells change with time, such as near a seepage zone, a continuous ground water flux relationship allows recharge rates to change with depth rather than having to calculate them at each stress period. This research article describes the modification of the MODFLOW 2000 recharge and segmented evapotranspiration packages into a continuous recharge-discharge function that allows ground water flux to be represented as a continuous process, dependent on head. The modifications were then used to model long-term recharge and evapotranspiration processes on a saline, semiarid floodplain in order to understand spatial patterns of salinization, and an overview of this process is given.     

吉林夹皮沟金矿带电、磁场与流体中成矿元素运移、富集效应

本文以吉林夹皮沟金矿带为例,通过板块碰撞或旋转所产生的磁斥力和电场来探讨流体中成矿元素运移和富集机制。基于块体转动与岩石剩磁磁斥力的产生,岩石电、磁场的形成和阴 阳离子相向漂移的地质证据及成矿流体与磁感应矢量、电导率间对应关系的讨论,表明:1)成矿元素的富集发生于新旧电、磁场交替变化过程中;2)岩石电场正、负极控制阴、阳离子作相向漂移运动,是流体中成矿元素运移、富集的主要控制因素之一;3)深大断裂界面间的磁斥力是Au、Ag、Cu、Pb和Zn等有色多金属抗磁性元素成矿的有利场所。     

铜陵矿集区构造-流体-成矿系统演化格架

铜陵矿集区的成矿作用与印支—燕山期特定构造背景控制下的岩浆活动密切相关 ,地壳浅部成矿岩浆运移侵位过程和主成矿期构造变形机制是建立区域构造流体成矿系统演化格架的两个关键问题。通过对区域重磁异常、遥感影像的线性解译结果和区域变形变质作用的分析 ,确定了在区域中部存在一浅层隐伏岩体 ,从而进一步查清了浅部成矿岩浆运移侵位过程 ;引入复杂性科学的思维 ,对基础地质资料进行了重新分析 ,提出铜陵矿集区在印支—燕山期经历了“先剪后压”的递进变形这一新认识。在此基础上 ,结合区域构造演化背景 ,总结了铜陵构造流体成矿系统演化格架 ,即 :(1 )印支期初始 ,在华北、华夏板块的挤压下 ,下扬子地块内部发育了系列岩石圈断裂与地壳断裂 ,使其裂解为很多与铜陵矿集区类似的次级地质单元 ;同时断裂的深切割作用引发了下地壳—上地幔的岩浆活动 ,岩浆沿深断裂上侵 ,分别在 2 0km和 1 0km左右形成深部和中部的岩浆房 ;(2 )印支中期开始 ,相对独立的铜陵矿集区在周围地质单元的夹持和围限下 ,经历了挤压 -剪切的递进变形 ,形成了 3套主要构造形迹 (包括北东向“S”型褶皱、北东向顺层滑脱断层和北西向左型走滑断裂 ) ,其组成了盖层的导流控矿网络 ;同时由于剪切作用导致的区域中部拉伸减薄 ,中部岩