Shakemap场地校正方法及其在云南地震动强度和烈度速报中的应用

将美国Shakemap场地校正方法用于云南地震动强度和烈度速报工作,通过分析Shakemap场地校正方法及其要点,将该方法应用于云南典型区域与实际场地情况进行对比分析,探讨了Shakemap场地校正方法相关参数问题,认为将该方法用于研究云南地区时应对相关参数做一些改进,首先要对其只基于地形坡度单指标的场地条件分类进行补充,即应该考虑V30S与多指标因素的相关性(如近地表地质状况、高程、距离河流的距离等)。同时,必须从实际场地情况出发考虑局部场地条件对地震动的影响,主要从盆地软弱土层、地质构造条件和局部砂土液化场地等方面修正局部场地条件对地震动的放大作用。这样,在完善理论计算结果的基础上结合对实际场地情况的修正,通过理论与实际双重的校正,达到提高预测结果精度的效果,为震后的应急决策提供有用的信息和帮助。     

夏垫断裂夏垫段浅部构造特征地震探测

采用高分辨率浅层地震勘探技术对夏垫断裂夏垫段进行了探测,获得高质量、高分辨率的地震勘探剖面图。划分出9条断裂构造,通过地震时-深转换剖面对比钻孔地层资料确定出断裂的上断点埋深,从而确定了断裂的活动时代。探测结果表明:夏垫断裂是由四条断裂组成,其中的主断裂至今仍在活动;在断裂的上盘还探测到三条活动时代较新的断裂构造。     

THE HOLOCENE SEISMIC EVIDENCE ON SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE RED RIVER FAULT ZONE

Nine earthquakes with M≥6 have stricken the northern segment of the Red River fault zone since the historical records, including the 1652 Midu M7 earthquake and the 1925 Dali M7 earthquake. However, there have been no earthquake records of M≥6 on the middle and southern segments of the Red River Fault, since 886 AD. Is the Red River fault zone, as a boundary fault, a fault zone where there will be not big earthquake in the future or a seismogenic structure for large earthquake with long recurrence intervals?This problem puzzles the geologists for a long time. Through indoor careful interpretation of high resolution remote sensing images, and in combination with detailed field geological and geomorphic survey, we found a series of fault troughs along the section of Gasha-Yaojie on the southern segment of the Red River fault zone, the length of the Gasha-Yaojie section is over ten kilometers. At the same time, paleoseismic information and radiocarbon dating result analysis on the multiple trenches show that there exists geological evidence of seismic activity during the Holocene in the southern segment of the Red River fault zone.     

NEW EVIDENCES OF THE HOLOCENE FAULT IN SUQIAN SEGMENT OF THE TANLU FAULT ZONE DISCOVERED BY SHALLOW SEISMIC EXPLORATION METHOD

The fault F₅ is considered as the most active fault in the Tanlu fault zone(Yi-Shu fault zone), which is located from Weifang of Shandong Province to Jiashan of Anhui Province, with a length of 360km. It has always been a focus of concern to many geoscientists because of its complexity and importance. But, for a long period of time, there exists biggish indetermination in the accurate position and active ages of the fault F₅ in Suqian section of Tanlu fault zone. Seismic reflection exploration is the main technique in present urban active faults detecting. In order to investigate the spatial distribution, characteristics and activities of the fault F₅ in covered terrains, we carried out a systematic survey to the fault with shallow seismic prospecting method and obtained the accurate position and development characteristics of the fault. The results show that the fault F₅ continues to develop toward south rather than ending at the Huancheng South Road of Suqian City. F₅ is mainly composed of two main faults, which dip in opposite directions and almost vertically. Near the Sankeshu town, F₅ is composed of three faults with right-stepping, forming a small pull-apart basin with length of 6km, width of 2.5km, controlling the deposition of Neogene and Quaternary strata. By combining the results of composite drilling section and trenching, we make a conclusion that the western branch of fault F₅ is a Holocene active fault, and the eastern branch is a Pleistocene active fault. Our general view is that fault F₅ is a Holocene active fault.     

单轴压缩下非饱和黏土动态力学性能试验研究

黏土作为一种松散多孔材料,其波阻抗较低,采用传统分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置进行单轴压缩试验时,存在透射信号弱、应力不平衡等问题。针对以上问题,提出利用石英压电晶体测定试样的应力并监测试样两端的应力平衡,采用入射波整形技术,考察应变率、含水率对非饱和黏土动态力学性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,非饱和黏土试样的单轴抗压强度与应变率及含水率的关系密切,强度随着应变率的提升而上升,但随着含水率的提升而下降。通过对试验结果的分析,分别提出单轴抗压强度与含水率及应变率之间的关系式,并通过拟合确定参数,拟合结果较好。     

鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带水动力特征对叶绿素分布的影响

在河口最大浑浊带有独特的生态动力过程。利用鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带上下游两个定点站和大面站的流速、叶绿素和浊度数据,在分析最大浑浊带形成的基础上探讨了悬沙浓度与叶绿素浓度分布的对应关系及最大浑浊带水动力特征对叶绿素分布的影响。分析结果表明,定点站大小潮涨落潮时均出现悬沙浓度与叶绿素a浓度的高值分布中心,该中心主要出现在底部,且高叶绿素a浓度与高悬沙浓度中心相对应。通过对最大浑浊带形成机制的分析发现,强烈的底部泥沙再悬浮是鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带形成的主要原因。最大浑浊带内悬沙浓度与叶绿素a浓度的相关关系均为底层大于表层,大潮高于小潮;高叶绿素a浓度与高悬沙浓度时刻有很好的对应关系,在一定程度上表明水动力特征对叶绿素a浓度在时间和空间上的分布有重要影响。初步分析认为鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带内的高叶绿素a浓度主要是由再悬浮作用使底部沉积物中的底栖藻类和沉积物一起聚集在水体的底部造成的,但是该结论还有待结合其他相关研究进一步检验。     

济南岩溶泉域区域水文地质信息系统构建

为推动中国地下水信息系统的标准化,中国荷兰开展合作项目,以济南为示范区,引进ReGIS信息系统,合作开发ReGIS-China水文地质信息系统,系统实现的主要功能包括任意地质剖面和三维立体地质图生成、数据库校正、化学资料分析、水位动态曲线的生成、GMS模型栅格输入、图形生成与分区评价等,为构建全国范围的水文地质信息系统奠定基础。     

基于GIS与RS的生态农业旅游环境质量评价——以南充市木老乡为例

旅游环境是旅游业赖以生存和发展的前提和基础.在生态旅游迅速发展的今天,旅游者更加重视旅游地的生态环境.对旅游地生态环境质量进行评价,可为维持和提高旅游地生态环境质量提供科学依据.基于"3S"技术及其有关理论,构建了生态农业旅游环境质量综合评价体系,以南充市木老乡为例采用主成分分析法对木老乡生态农业旅游生态环境质量进行综合评价.     

新一代GRACE重力卫星反演地球重力场的预期精度

基于低低卫卫跟踪模式,本文主要探讨利用动力学法融合精密轨道数据和星间测距或距离变率数据求解地球重力场的基本原理与方法,该方法既可对两颗低低跟踪卫星的初始状态误差进行有效校正,也可充分利用低轨卫星轨道所包含的低频重力场信息.为探讨适合我国国情的低低跟踪模式下的重力卫星指标,本文以不同星载设备精度指标的组合进行模拟计算,模拟结果显示:(1)把GRACE卫星的星间距离变率指标提高一个量级,其余指标保持与GRACE卫星设计指标一致时,可使地球重力场的精度获得同量级的提高;(2)若星间距离变率为1.0×10^-8 m·s^-1,轨道高度为300 km,加速度计精度为3.0×10^-10 m·s^-2,轨道精度为0.03 m, 星间距离100 km,与利用GRACE的设计指标反演出的重力场精度相比,可提高约121倍,并建议我国未来低低跟踪重力卫星计划参考此指标.     

太行山东缘汤阴地堑地壳结构和活动断裂探测

采用深、浅地震反射和钻孔地质剖面相结合的探测方法,对太行山东缘汤阴地堑的地壳结构和隐伏活动断裂进行了研究.结果表明,该区地壳厚度约36~42 km,莫霍面从华北平原区向太行山下倾伏.汤阴地堑是一个受汤东断裂控制的半地堑构造,其基底面形态与莫霍面展布呈"镜像"关系.汤东断裂是1条继承性的隐伏活动断裂,该断裂向上错断了埋深约20 m的中更新世晚期地层,向下延伸至上地壳底部.综合分析深地震反射和已有深地震宽角反射/折射剖面结果,发现深地震反射剖面上的中-下地壳强反射层和壳幔过渡带反射,与深地震宽角反射/折射剖面上出现的中-下地壳正负速度梯度变化层有着较好的对应关系,这表明本区中-下地壳和壳幔过渡带可能为一系列速度递变层或高低速物质的互变层,埋深约15~16 km的强反射带为上地壳与中-下地壳的转换带,壳幔过渡带的底界为地壳与地幔的分界.研究结果为深入理解该区的深部动力学过程、分析研究深浅构造关系、评价断裂的活动性提供了依据.