昭阳煤矿矿山地质环境影响评估及监测建议

通过对山东省昭阳煤矿地层、构造、岩浆岩、水文地质等矿山地质环境特征的分析,从采矿塌陷、地下水环境变化、地形地貌变化及土壤环境变化等方面出发,依据矿山地质环境监测数据规程,开展了矿区地质环境现状评估及预测评估,确定了监测范围与监测级别,提出了建设采矿塌陷监测点36个、地下水环境监测点5个、地表水环境监测点7个及土壤环境监测点3个的合理化建议,为开展矿山地质环境监测,实施矿山地质环境保护,促进矿区生态文明建设提供了重要参考依据。     

Sediment retention by check dams in the Hekouzhen-Longmen Section of the Yellow River

Coarse sediment retention by check dams is analyzed for five typical catchments in the Hekou-Longmen section of the midstream of the Yellow River, which is an area of high .coarse sediment concentration. The catchments are the Huangfuchuan, Kuye, Wuding, Sanchuan and Qiushui River Basins. The amount of coarse sediment retained by check clams in these areas for different periods was measured. Sediment reduction due to check clams is compared with other soil conservation measures and the results show that check clams are the most effective to rapidly reduce the amount of coarse sediment entering the Yellow River. If the average percentage of the drainage area with check clams for the five typical catchments reaches 3.0%, the average sediment reduction ratio can reach 60%. Therefore, to rapidly and effectively reduce the amount of sediment, especially coarse sediment, entering the Yellow River, the area percentage of check clams in the Hekou-Longmen section should be kept around 3%. The Kuye and Huangfuchuan River Basins are the preferred main catchments in which such water conservation measures are implemented.     

海龙类化石在云南泸西上三叠统的发现

采自云南泸西县城附近小兴安村晚三叠世卡尼期小凹组的海龙化石,是关岭生物群海龙类化石在贵州关岭之外地区的首次发现。该化石标本共保存有9枚较好的背椎骨,21条完好的肋骨及若干腹肋。靠近头部的4枚背椎骨为有次序的自然排列。背椎椎体长约12cm,椎体横突发育,椎体腹侧轻微凹入,呈双凹形,近似圆形。这一特征与鱼龙类脊椎骨明显的双凹特征有所区别,故暂且将其归于海龙类。新采集的该化石标本为探讨海龙类的古地理分布,以及寻找规律生物群新化石产地提供了信息。     

浅钻技术在若尔盖地区泥炭调查中的应用

泥炭是一种具有多种用途的宝贵自然资源,泥炭中的有机碳储量是研究全球碳库变化及碳循环过程的重要参数。由于泥炭多分布于沼泽中,且泥炭松软含水量大的特性,对于泥炭深度的调查、获取用于测试泥炭原状样品的质量不高,导致泥炭碳储量评价仍存在不确定性和偏差。笔者等在典型泥炭形成地若尔盖沼泽湿地地区,开展了浅钻泥炭调查取样工作,通过在泥炭斑块边缘及中心两种不同沼泽湿地地层开展的试验,验证了轻便钻机在难进入的沼泽湿地的适应性,配套的振动冲击工艺可高质量的获得无扰动的泥炭样品,同时查明了泥炭层的厚度。通过试验初步探索了采用轻便钻机配套振动冲击钻进工艺进行泥炭调查取样的有效性。浅层取样钻探作为泥炭调查取样的一种直接有效的技术手段,可以有效地提高泥炭调查效率和精度,为准确评价泥炭储量数据提供可靠的钻探技术服务支撑。     

Effects of grassland amelioration on terrestrial ecosystem nutrients:a case study in Jianou Niukenglong Grassland Ecosystem Experimental Station, Fujian Province

This paper studies the effects of land cover changes on distributions and circulations of nutrients in a terrestrial ecosystem, taking Jianou Niukenglong Grassland Ecosystem Experimental Station as a case study. During a two year experiment from 1994 to 1996, the land cover types were changed from desert slopeland to grasslands, in particular, Chamaecrista rotundifolia(pers) green + Pasalum thunbergii and Glycine max var. + Pasalum thunbergii. In order to study land cover change effects on nutrients in the terrestrial ecosystem, we selected organic materials (OMs), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) to study their changes in total soil nutrient concentrations, nutrient reserves in soil, distributions and reservations of nutrients in distinct grassland communities and overall nutrient contents reserved in terrestrial ecosystem, and their circulation with land cover change. The experimental results indicate that with the increase of vegetation coverage, the total concentrations of N, P and K grow rapidly in the soil, but that of Al decreases markedly. The increases of the total concentrations of N, P and K were mainly the consequences of changes of the factors that affect soil evolution, e.g., soil moisture, and changes of soil evolution processes, e.g., weathering rate and the decrease of soil erosion. These changes were caused by land coverage growth from desert slopeland to grassland. With the change of the land cover types and the increase of land coverage, the activity of Al accelerated as well, and the vertical penetration and lateral penetration of Al have been increased. Therefore, the loss of Al within the experimental terrestrial ecosystem was inevitable, and the total concentration and reserve of Al in soil have become smaller and smaller, in spite of the growth of grass absorbing some amounts of Al. The Al reserve has increased in vegetation, but it has declined in total terrestrial ecosystem. Land cover change also affects the circulations of nutrients in the terrestrial ecosystem and for the purpose of study on nutrient circulations, we choose to study plant absorption, litter and reservation of nutrients to establish an index to indicate the situations of nutrient circulations within terrestrial ecosystems. The results indicate that in the two land cover types (two grassland ecosystems), the sequence of nutrient circulation indices are N > K > P > Al in Chamaecrista rotundifolia(pers) green + Pasalum thunbergii and P > N > K > Al in Glycine max var. + Pasalum thunbergii. On the basis of the study, we can conclude that land cover change affects both distributions and circulations in the terrestrial ecosystem, and that different changes have distinct influences on distributions and circulations. Some nutrients were affected differently in some contents.     

赣南—粤北版石群及其地质时代

赣南—粤北中生代晚期存在上、中、下3个不同时代的火山岩系,其中上火山岩系称为版石群。根据岩性岩相特征,版石群可进一步划分为两个岩组:下岩组称为合水组,以砾岩、砂岩、页岩等沉积岩为主、夹火山岩,代表火山活动初始期的产物;上岩组称为优胜组,岩性为流纹岩、流纹质凝灰岩、熔结凝灰岩,代表火山活动喷发期的产物。长塘盆地优胜组熔结凝灰岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为89.5Ma;仁差盆地优胜组流纹岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为91.9～94Ma,熔结凝灰岩锆石UPb法年龄为86.5Ma,次流纹斑岩锆石UPb法年龄为93.5Ma;菖蒲盆地优胜组流纹岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为104Ma;版石盆地优胜组流纹岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为72.2Ma,全岩KAr法年龄为77.6Ma,可见版石群优胜组的地质时代为早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世早期。另外,合水组的生物化石反映出早白垩世的特征,因此,将版石群置于早白垩世—晚白垩世早期是可信的。     

四川盆地北缘震旦纪—早寒武世隆—坳格局及其油气勘探意义

四川盆地北部震旦系-下寒武统是继安岳气田发现和绵阳-长宁裂陷提出之后备受关注的另一重点勘探领域,但对其沉积构造格局的认识存在严重分歧。文中基于露头剖面、地震、钻井和地球化学分析资料并结合前人研究成果,提出四川盆地北缘震旦纪-早寒武世期间存在隆坳并存的格局。四川盆地北缘震旦系-下寒武统厚度、岩相、地震反射和地球化学等指标的详细分析表明：(1)沉积构造格局表现为隆坳相间的特点,即自西向东依次为绵阳-长宁裂陷→汉南-米仓山隆起→万源-通江裂坳陷→达州-开江隆起→城口-开县裂坳陷→东安-巫溪隆起→巴东-恩施裂陷→神农架-黄陵隆起;(2)发育台地、斜坡和盆地三种沉积环境,其中斜坡环境以发育大量风暴、重力流、滑塌角砾沉积及同沉积滑移变形等为主要识别标志;(3)经历了三个“隆坳”旋回,即陡二段末期-灯二段早期、灯二段晚期-灯四段早期、灯四段晚期-筇竹寺组晚期。四川盆地北缘震旦纪-早寒武世隆坳格局的形成受控于震旦纪基底构造薄弱带、南秦岭地幔上隆底侵和原特提斯洋壳板片拖拽三者的联合作用,与罗迪尼亚大陆裂解和冈瓦纳大陆聚合的全球构造背景密切相关。四川盆地北缘震旦纪-早寒武世隆坳并存格局的提出不仅有助于进一步认识该时期扬子克拉通区域沉积构造格局和演化,也为川东北地区下一步油气勘探决策提供了参考依据。川东北地区震旦纪-早寒武世隆坳格局控制了烃源岩和储集层的发育及源储配置关系,建议首先将裂坳陷边缘带作为下一步勘探的重点。     

波流相互作用与波动传播模态

波和流是大气中两种最基本的运动形式,两者之间的相互作用可以导致千变万化的天气现象。波流相互作用理论是大气动力学的基本理论之一,该理论的研究具有重要的理论价值和科学意义。波流相互作用的研究主要包括两方面:一方面是可以描述基本气流对波强迫作用的“波作用”（守恒）方程的研究,另一方面是可以描述波对基本气流反馈作用的E-P通量以及波形变、传播等理论的研究。波流相互作用的研究不仅在理论上已取得重要进展,例如, E-P通量的提出,剩余环流的引进,广义E-P通量的出现,三维E-P通量的建立,波作用守恒方程、波动突变、波流稳定性结构、波形变及其大圆路径、低频波遥相关等理论的发展,而且在实际应用上也取得丰硕成果,如科学地解释了赤道平流层东西风准两年振荡、极地平流层爆发性增温、瞬变波对阻高的维持和高空急流加速以及大气低频波遥相关等,特别是为预测行星波的传播,研究风暴轴和诊断分析实际大气中波能集中区和发散区提供了理论基础和科学方法。作者从小振幅和有限振幅扰动两方面回顾了国内外波流相互作用和低频波传播理论的研究进展,重点介绍了大尺度环流系统波流相互作用和波动传播模态的最新研究成果,提出了不同动力、热力背景下多尺度波流相互作用机理及其理论模型,建立了非线性大气动力学突变及其稳定性结构等理论。相对来说,热源强迫和地形强迫引起的波流相互作用中稳定性问题的研究一直比较薄弱,特别是关于大气水分循环过程和青藏高原等复杂大地形影响下不同尺度系统波流相互作用的研究,这也是未来波流相互作用研究的一个重要内容。     

碳酸盐岩样品中镍和钪的电感耦合等离子体质谱分析与干扰校正方法

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)已在碳酸盐岩微量元素测试中得到了广泛应用.然而,采用ICP-MS分析碳酸盐岩中含量较低的Ni(1.6～50.5μg/g)和Sc(0.3～6μg/g)时,信号值会受到高含量CaO(可高达56％)和MgO(可高达21％)的显著干扰,使测试值远高于真实值,从而无法获得准确的待测元素含量....     

东莞市区矩形钢筋混凝土水池震害预测

介绍了钢筋混凝土水池在地震灾害预测工作中的意义,根据前人提出的钢筋混凝土水池震害预测方法[1],对东莞市的水池进行了震害预测,认为东莞市即使在相当于9度烈度地震作用下,所有水池均处于轻微破坏以下,抗震性能良好.最后提出水池抗震设计方面应注意的一些问题.