Impact of Irrigation Methods on Soil Salt Content and Their Differences in Whole Cotton Growing Season in Arid Area of Northwest China

Research for changes of soil water and salt is an important content of land sciences and agriculture sciences in arid and semi arid regions. In this paper, sampling in actual agricultural fields, laboratory analysis of soil samples and statistical analysis methods are used to quantitatively analyze soil salinity changes under different irrigation methods throughout the cotton growing season in Shihezi reclamation area. The results show that irrigation methods play an important role in soil salt content in the surface soil (0-20 cm) and sub-deep soil (40-60 cm), followed by deep soil layer (60-100 cm) and root soil layer (20-40 cm). Furrow irrigation yields the maximum soil salt content in deep layer (60-100 cm) or sub-deep layer (40-60 cm) and the maximum salinity occurs in the first half of the cotton growing season (June or earlier). In contrast, drip irrigation yields the maximum soil salinity in the root layer (20-40 cm) or sub-deep (40-60 cm), and this usually appears in the second half growing season (July or after). The ratio of chloride ion to sulfate ion (Cl^-/SO₄^2-) and its change in the soil are on the rise under furrow irrigation, while the value first increased and then decreased with a peak point in June under drip irrigation. This suggests that furrow irrigation may shift the type of soil salinization to chloride ion type moreso than drip irrigation. Potassium and sodium ion contents of the soil show that soil sodium+potassium content will drop after the first rise under furrow irrigation and the value is manifested by fluctuations under drip irrigation. Potassium+sodium content change is relatively more stable in the whole cotton growth period under irrigation methods. The maximum of sodium and potassium content of the soil usually occur in deep soil layer (60-100 cm) or sub-deep soil layer (40-60 cm) in most sample points under furrow irrigation while it is inconsistent in different sample points under drip irrigation. A nonparametric test for paired samples is used to analyze differences of soil salt content under different irrigation methods. This analysis shows that the impact of irrigation on soil salinity is most significant in July, followed by August, June, May, and April in most sample points. The most significant impact of irrigation methods occurs in the surface soil layer (0-20 cm), followed by deep layer (60-100 cm), root layer (20-40 cm) and sub-deep (40-60 cm). These conclusions will be benefitial for mitigation of soil salinization, irrigation and fertilization and sustainable land use.     

LATE-QUATERNARY GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF JIANQUANZI-BARKOL SINISTRAL FAULT SYSTEM IN EASTERNMOST TIENSHAN

As we all know, Eastern Tienshan and Altaid in central Asia accommodate~10mm/a crustal shortening, accounting for 1/4 shortening between India and Eurasia(~40mm/a). A substantial portion of these deformations was absorbed in Altaid in the north through a combination of right-lateral strike-slip and counterclockwise vertical axis rotation of crustal blocks, but how the crustal deformation was accommodated in Eastern Tienshan is still in debate. Based on the field investigation in Jianquanzi, Barkol Tagh and Karlik Tagh in Eastern Tienshan in recent years, we identified a sinistral strike-slip fault system mapped in Eastern Tienshan. From west to east, the Jianquanzi-Tuolaiquan Fault(JTF), South Barkol Basin Fault (SBF) and Central Karliktagh Fault(CKF)constitute the tectonic frame of this large-scale fault system, which plays an important role in adjusting the strain distribution during the process of orogening in Eastern Tienshan in Quaternary even since Ceonozoic era. The fault system displays different late-Quaternary characteristics when its orientation changes with regional tectonic principal stress(NE). Specifically, the EW-trending JTF exhibits sinistral slip with little vertical component which can extend to Xiongkuer segment on EW-NW-trending SBF. The EW-NW SBF displays sinistral slip from east of Luobaoquanto, Barkol County and reverse slip with little horizontal component at east of Barkol County. In easternmost, the WNW-EW trending CKF shows sinistral slip with no obvious vertical motion. This fault system's activity coupled in the orogenic process of easternmost Tienshan, adjusting and accommodating a portion of deformation included in the orogenic process, and in turn we suggest that the deformation associated with range front fault in the orogen root may not be the only decisive way of deformation releasing.     

基于卫星轨道扰动理论的重力反演算法

为了更充分利用低轨重力卫星的高精度观测数据,根据卫星轨道的扰动理论,导出了应用卫星轨道与星间距离观测值联合反演地球重力场模型的算法.该算法的实质是将牛顿运动方程在卫星轨道处进行展开,转化为第二类Volterra积分方程,并采用基于移动窗口的9次多项式内插公式进行数值求解.给出了该算法的观测方程,用QR分解法消去局部参数矩阵,最后采用预条件共轭梯度法求解法方程.利用GRACE卫星2008-01-01~2008-08-01时间段内的轨道及星间距离观测数据,解算了120阶次的地球重力场模型SWJTU-GRACE01S,该模型在120阶处的阶方差为1.58×10^-8,大地水准面差距累计误差为22.29 cm,与美国GPS水准网比较的标准差为0.793 m,结果表明:SWJTU-GRACE01S模型精度介于EIGEN-GRACE01S与EIGEN-GRACE02S模型之间,从而验证了该算法的有效性.     

磁盘阵列技术在新疆遥测地震台网数据存储中的应用

为了满足不断增长的数据量和长期存储数据的要求,文中结合新疆遥测台网实际情况与"新疆数字地震观测网络"项目数字地震台网中心处理系统软件要求,探讨了利用磁盘阵列技术解决磁盘空间不足的问题,实现了磁盘阵列在新疆遥测台网数据存储中的应用。     

乌鲁木齐西山断裂组与地表破裂型逆断层古地震识别标志

乌鲁木齐西山断裂层组展布于北天山山前断展褶皱系与博格达推覆构造系的转换部位,为盆地向S推覆的构造,由4～5条长度十几公里至近30km的断层组成,其滑脱面埋深约11km。通过地质地貌调查、探槽开挖,结合深部构造特征分析,西山断裂组晚更新世中晚期有明显的活动。断层F1—F3最年轻的2次事件基本都被限制在距今(22.7±5.2)ka和40ka左右。而F4和西山断裂最年轻的事件被距今31.0ka和38.0ka的地层覆盖。这显示西山断裂组晚第四纪活动有分组和组合破裂的特征。断层F4和西山南缘断裂为一组,F1—F3为另一组。坎前堆积地层、断层与堆积地层的切错关系和不同间断面或标志地层在断层两侧的累积位差的突变,是识别地表破裂型逆断层古地震事件的重要标志。降低逆断层古地震识别的不确定性,关键在于识别事件的标志需要综合分析各种影响因素,有多证据的支持     

南海北部陆坡晚更新世末期硅藻及其古环境意义

对南海北部陆坡17940孔晚更新世末期沉积物硅藻的研究表明,该时期硅藻组合以亚热带浮游性种类为主。硅藻组合中优势种和特征种含量的变化,指示了晚更新世末期南海海洋环境较现代封闭、海平面较现代为低的古地理环境。同时,根据硅藻组合中特征种的变化,也可以清楚地界定出波令—阿勒罗德期和新仙女木事件,但是全新世的底界并不明显。     

共模误差对陆态网测站速度场估计的影响

本文基于52个陆态网连续运行观测站和中国境内及周边10个IGS站近5年的坐标时间序列,利用相关系数加权的叠加滤波法定量计算坐标序列中存在的共模误差,并使用CATS软件分别估计测站各分量剔除共模误差前后的坐标时间序列的速度及其精度,结果显示:在E、N、U分量上,相对于原始坐标时间序列,由剔除共模误差的坐标时间序列整理而得的测站各分量估计速度与陆态网发布速度偏差的均值分别减小了7.32%,1.87%,7.84%,同时各分量估计速度的精度均值也分别提高了33.43%,21.11%,59.26%,这表明在估计区域的测站速度场时,若不剔除原始坐标序列中存在的共模误差,测站的运动速度及其精度可能会被不恰当地估计,即利用剔除共模误差后的坐标时间序列而得结果理论上更加准确可靠。     

长江口生物硅的组成、行为和收支

基于在长江口开展的三个综合航次对河口生物硅组成、行为和收支进行了研究。结果表明,长江口生物硅主要是由植硅体、硅藻和海绵骨针三部分组成,其中植硅体有16种形态,在高混浊区对生物硅的贡献量为23%-83%。收支计算显示,长江输送的生物硅是河口区获取外部生物硅的主要途径,占河口生物硅总输入量的95%;维持河口生物硅水平的主要过程是初级生产（55 Gmol a^-1）和沉积过程（46 Gmol a^-1）;初级生产所贡献的生物硅分别是长江生物硅输送量的2.3倍和河口区向外输送生物硅的63%。从河口区向东海和黄海输送的生物硅是26 Gmol a^-1,与长江的生物硅输送量相当;河口区沉积的生物硅是向外输送量的1.7倍,在其中植硅体贡献了53%至88%的生物硅,表明河口是陆源生物硅汇的作用;反风化作用也是河口活性硅去除的一个重要途径。本研究显示植硅体是河口生物硅的重要组成部分,长江口在生物硅收支与循环中表现出汇的作用。     

苏丹Muglad盆地凯康凹陷西斜坡早白垩世沉积层序及其控制因素研究

苏丹Muglad盆地是重要的油气探区,受区域构造的影响,早白垩世沉积储层发育演化与构造演化密切相关。在盆内地震、测井及岩心资料综合分析的基础上,重点对4区西斜坡早白垩世的沉积层序特征及其控制因素进行了研究。结果表明：Muglad盆地经历了3次裂谷断陷活动及其后裂谷期的3次热沉降坳陷活动,形成了6个二级层序;在二级层序格架内将白垩系Abu Gabra组至古近系Adok组划分13个三级层序;早白垩世断陷期主要发育湖泊及辫状河三角洲沉积体系,坳陷期主要发育辫状河及三角洲沉积体系;断陷-坳陷的构造演化和同沉积断裂对不同期层序的沉积体系发育具有明显的控制作用。     

温都尔庙群锆石的LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb年龄及构造意义

温都尔庙群分布在内蒙古中部地区,分下部桑达来呼都格组和上部哈尔哈达组,通常被认为属于蛇绿岩套组合,形成时代也一直存在争论。详细的野外调查表明,温都尔庙群不完全是蛇绿岩组合,还发育洋内弧的玄武岩-玄武安山岩-安山岩组合。所以,温都尔庙群为一套包含大洋洋壳、洋内弧等不同时代和成因的增生杂岩。对温都尔庙群洋内弧变质安山岩及变质碎屑岩进行锆石LA-MC-ICPMS法U-Pb同位素测年表明:桑达来呼都格组上部洋内弧变质安山岩年龄为470±2Ma。哈尔哈达组两个样品(10NM142、10NM143)的碎屑锆石年龄主要集中在445~480Ma范围内,其中10NM143样品中最年轻谐和年龄多在424~438Ma之间,表明至少有一部分地层形成于中志留世。考虑温都尔庙群蛇绿岩形成时代(497~477Ma)、高压变质时代(446±15Ma~453±1.8Ma)及晚志留世西别河组不整合覆盖其上的事实,桑达来呼都格组可能形成于寒武纪-晚奥陶世,哈尔哈达组形成于晚奥陶世-中志留世。因此,温都尔庙群是形成于寒武纪-中志留世的变质增生杂岩。