磁化率各向异性与剪切带

岩石组构记录了地壳形成与演化的关键信息,提取这些信息对分析和恢复地球动力学过程具有重要意义.磁化率各向异性(AMS)是一种重要的岩石组构方法,可以有效地揭示岩石的应变特征,分析其地球动力学过程,是研究构造变形性质以及应力作用方式的有效手段.本文在梳理AMS的研究历史、主要成果和最新进展的基础上,系统阐述了AMS的基本原...     

Historical Changes and Future Projections of Extreme Temperature and Precipitation along the Sichuan–Tibet Railway

Based on multiresource high-resolution in situ and satellite merged observations along with model simulations from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment(CORDEX), this study first investigated historical changes in extreme temperature and precipitation during the period of 1979–2018 in areas along the Sichuan–Tibet Railway, and then projected the future changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature and precipitation under the RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. This paper is expected to enhance our understanding of the spatiotemporal variability in the extreme temperature and precipitation along the Sichuan–Tibet Railway, and to provide scientific basis to advance the Sichuan–Tibet Railway construction and operation. The results show that temperatures in the Sichuan–Tibet region display a noticeable warming trend in the past40 years, and the increase of minimum temperature is significantly higher than that of maximum temperature in the northwest of the region. Significant increase of precipitation is found mainly over the northwest of the Tibetan Plateau. Except for Lhasa and its surrounding areas, precipitation over other areas along the Sichuan–Tibet Railway shows no significant change in the past 40 years, as indicated in five datasets; however, precipitation along the railway has shown a remarkable decrease in the past 20 years in the TRMM satellite dataset. The warm days and nights have clearly increased by 6 and 5 day decade1-for 1979–2019, while cold days and nights have markedly decreased by about 6.6 and 3.6 day decade-1, respectively. In the past 20 years, the areas with increased precipitation from very wet days and extremely wet days are mainly distributed to the north of the Sichuan–Tibet Railway, while in the areas along the railway itself, the very wet days and extremely wet days are decreasing. Under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, the temperature in the Sichuan–Tibet region will increase significantly, and the frequency of extreme high(low) temperature events in the late 21 st century(2070–2099) will greatly increase(decrease) by about 50%–80%(10%) compared with occurrences in the late 20 th century(1970–1999). Meanwhile, the frequency of very wet days and extremely wet days in the Sichuan–Tibet region will increase by about 2%–19% and 2%–5%, respectively, and the areas along the Sichuan–Tibet Railway will be affected by more extreme high temperature and extreme precipitation events.     

气象行政执法中"一事不再罚原则"的适用

“一事不再罚原则”是国家立法中的一项重要责任制度,但我国《行政处罚法》确立的“一事不再罚原则”有其特殊的内涵,结合气象行政执法的实践,对行政处罚中的“一事不再罚原则”作了简要探讨。     

2001—2018年黄土高原植被覆盖人为影响时空演变及归因分析

基于2001—2018年的MODIS-NDVI和MODIS-LST以及土地利用、交通、人口等多种人文社会数据,通过温度植被干旱指数反映黄土高原土壤水分状况,利用残差法剔除土壤水分得到植被覆盖变化的人为影响,辅以趋势分析、Hurst指数、地理探测器等方法探讨了黄土高原植被覆盖的人为影响变化特征、未来变化趋势以及人为影响的...     

Common offset ground penetrating radar data inversion based on ray theory

The authors use the common offset ground penetrating radar(GPR) data inversion based on ray theory to estimate interval velocity and to obtain the relative permittivity. In the ray-tracing based inversion, the input data are the offset distance between antennas, the velocity of the first layer, the pick-up amplitude and re-ference amplitude of each reflection layer. The thickness and velocity of each layer are calculated by this recursive method. Firstly, the horizontal homogeneous layered medium model is established, and the ideal inversion results are obtained. Subsequently, Monte Carlo method is used to establish a randomly undulating homogeneous layered medium model. The common offset GPR data for the built geological model is then simulated by finite-difference time-domain(FDTD). It proved that this ray-tracing based inversion method is feasible for the horizontal layered geological model, even the layered geological model with random undulation. Undulation, represented by RMS height and CL(correlation length), influences the inversion results. Finally, a more complex geological model--pinch-out model was established. In the pinch-out model, the pinch-out interface can be clearly identified, though there is a false anomaly, which will not significantly affect the identification of the underground medium structure.     

等熵面和湿等熵面倾斜发展的诊断分析

利用等压坐标系中的热力学方程和水汽方程推导出可以诊断分析等熵面（等位温面）和湿等熵面（等相当位温面） 倾斜变化的倾角方程。等熵面倾角的局地变化由倾角平流输送项、风速切变项和非绝热加热项共同决定,而影响湿等熵面倾角局地变化的强迫项除倾角平流输送项、风速切变项和非绝热加热项之外,还包括垂直热量通量切变项。NCEP/NCAR实时分析资料的分析结果表明,大气斜压性、相对垂直涡度与等熵面和湿等熵面的倾角密切相关,它们的正高值区互相重叠;垂直风速切变项,特别是垂直速度的经向切变项是影响等熵面倾斜发展的主要强迫项,而纬向和经向风速的垂直切变项对湿等熵面倾角演变的贡献最大。     

贵阳市朱昌镇麦乃村地质灾害初析

根据实地调查资料和分析研究认为,乌当区朱昌镇乃村发生房屋开裂、地裂缝及地面塌陷等地质灾害,主要原因是地下采煤活动及抽取深层地下水引发,乃人为过度开发活动引起的地质灾害,危及村民的生命财产安全。建议采用避让搬迁措施。     

北京平谷黄松峪国家地质公园地质遗迹特征与保护利用研究

在收集、整理基础地质资料的基础上,将公园地质遗迹资源总结为2大类5类8亚类,对不同类型地质遗迹进行了特征分析.从物质基础、构造作用和古气候影响方面揭示了黄松峪砂岩地貌的成因机理,进一步明确了岩性特征的基础作用、地质构造的控制作用和冷热交替古气候的加速作用.与国内其他地区砂岩地貌相比,黄松峪砂岩地貌具有母岩地层时代古老、...     

昆明市"城中村"民房抗震能力调查

对昆明市"城中村"民房的数量、空间分布、结构特点、抗震设防、使用功能等方面的情况进行了抽样调查,并给出了相关调查结果.引入云南以往地震中破坏比的统计值,对"城中村"民房遭遇Ⅷ度地震时可能出现的各个破坏等级所占的建筑面积和人员伤亡情况进行计算,以此来评价"城中村"民房的抗震能力.     

豫东平原春季干旱对冬小麦产量结构的影响

春季干旱对冬小麦产量结构的影响因干旱出现时段不同而异;在拔节期前出现干旱,对小麦产量结构影响较轻;拔节期以后影响程度最重。采取灌溉、蓄水保墒、选用抗旱小麦良种等技术措施,能有效地预防干旱或减轻干旱造成的损失。