Some challenges of an "upside down" nitrogen budget--science and management in Greenwich Bay, RI (USA)

When nutrients impact estuarine water quality, scientists and managers instinctively focus on quantifying and controlling land-based sources. However, in Greenwich Bay, RI, the estuary opens onto a larger and more intensively fertilized coastal water body (Narragansett Bay). Previous inventories of nitrogen (N) inputs to Greenwich Bay found that N inputs from Narragansett Bay exceeded those from the local watershed, suggesting that recent efforts to reduce local watershed N loads may have little effect on estuarine water quality. We used stable isotopes of N to characterize watershed and Narragansett Bay N sources as well as the composition of primary producers and consumers throughout Greenwich Bay. Results were consistent with previous assessments of the importance of N inputs to Greenwich Bay from Narragansett Bay. As multiple N sources contribute to estuarine water quality, effective management requires attention to individual sources commensurate with overall magnitude, regardless of the political complications that may entail.     

节理化玄武岩类岩体的峰值强度与变形性质

本研究玄武岩类岩体的强度与变形性质，并运用岩体分类系统分析其脆性断裂效应，从而为玄武岩体脆性反应变化范围提供依据。虽然，各类玄武岩的物质组成和物理指标很分散，但其许多性质指标都在系数约为１０的范围内，在常温和低围压下完整玄琥岩岩块的强度参数的典型值为；杨氏模量７８±１９ＧＰａ；泊松比０．２５±０．０５；抗拉强度－１４．５±３．３ＭＰａ。     

Cross-Correlation of Tenerife Data with Galactic Templates-Evidence for Spinning Dust?

The recent discovery of dust-correlated diffuse microwave emission has prompted two rival explanations: free-free emission and spinning dust grains. We present new detections of this component at 10 and 15 GHz by the switched-beam Tenerife experiment. The data show a turnover in the spectrum and thereby support the spinning dust hypothesis. We also present a significant detection of synchrotron radiation at 10 GHz, which is useful for normalizing foreground contamination of cosmic microwave background experiments at high galactic latitudes.