土工静动力液压三轴扭转剪切仪控制软件系统研究

根据土工试验使用要求,应用计算机自动化控制技术,将大连理工大学与日本诚研社合作研制的新型土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,配备了完善的控制软件系统。采用VC++6.0语言作为编程平台,利用现代计算机技术中的多线程技术、精确定时技术、绘图技术,结合现代的单神经元自适应PID控制理论,实现了三轴-扭转试验机的自动控制及数据采集处理功能,能够完成静态、动态等各种组合试验,并可实时监测试验全过程的应力、应变和位移等12种数据,绘制实时动态曲线,更加方便试验者操作,进一步提高了系统的控制精度。     

高煤级煤的煤层气开发潜力——以沁水煤田为例

通过分析研究山西省沁水煤田的煤层气地质条件和储层特征,结合煤层气开发试验结果,对无烟煤等高煤级煤的煤层气资源开发潜力进行了评价。结果表明:无烟煤等高煤级煤只要煤储层特征参数组合匹配良好,尤其是在较简单的构造条件下,煤体结构完整,煤中裂隙网络较发育且保存较好,煤储层渗透率较高,煤层气资源开发就具有良好的前景。      

中国煤田地质学的现状与发展战略

在简略分析中国煤田地质学的历史、现状与发展前景的基础上,指出了面临的机遇和挑战;同时,提出了相应的对策和未来5～20年的重大研究领域:①我国东部大型老矿区深层煤矿床与资源开发潜力;②新疆煤炭资源的区划单元与综合评价;③煤层气成藏动力学和有利区块优选以及煤矿区煤层气与煤的一体化协同开发;④洁净煤、液化煤地质以及煤炭开发利用中的环境、健康效应。     

Monitoring the development of intertidal habitats on former agricultural land after the managed realignment of coastal defences at Tollesbury, Essex, UK

The managed realignment of coastal defences and subsequent creation of intertidal habitats is one of several 'soft' engineering options that could reduce the costs of maintaining embankments and at the same time deliver environmental benefits. The managed realignment at Tollesbury was one of the first in the UK, undertaken as an experimental test case to improve understanding of the practical techniques and processes involved. Independent studies were undertaken on the development of soils, benthic invertebrates and vegetation within the site in addition to methods of enhancing the process of natural colonisation of saltmarsh plants. Bathymetric and vegetation monitoring were undertaken on the adjacent estuary to determine any breach effect that may be attributed to the realignment. This paper summarises the results from the vegetation, sedimentation and invertebrate monitoring and discusses the implications for other managed realignment schemes in the UK.     

Extremely alkaline (pH > 12) ground water hosts diverse microbial community

Chemically unusual ground water can provide an environment for novel communities of bacteria to develop. Here, we describe a diverse microbial community that inhabits extremely alkaline (pH > 12) ground water from the Lake Calumet area of Chicago, Illinois, where historic dumping of steel slag has filled in a wetland. Using microbial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing and microcosm experiments, we confirmed the presence and growth of a variety of alkaliphilic beta-Proteobacteria, Bacillus, and Clostridium species at pH up to 13.2. Many of the bacterial sequences most closely matched those of other alkaliphiles found in more moderately alkaline water around the world. Oxidation of dihydrogen produced by reaction of water with steel slag is likely a primary energy source to the community. The widespread occurrence of iron-oxidizing bacteria suggests that reduced iron serves as an additional energy source. These results extend upward the known range of pH tolerance for a microbial community by as much as 2 pH units. The community may provide a source of novel microbes and enzymes that can be exploited under alkaline conditions.     

基于中国部分城市气象条件的对流层延迟分析

随着用户对卫星定位导航精度要求的提高,对流层大气延迟影响将更加明显,需要进行延迟改正.对比分析了对流层大气延迟理论的主要映射函数模型,讨论了我国部分测站NMF(Niell Mapping Function)、VMF1(Vienna Mapping Function 1)和GMF(Global Mapping Function)的静力学映射函数和湿映射函数的分布情况,分别采用上述3种映射函数研究了我国部分城市气象条件下的对流层延迟.从运算结果分布曲线可知,所选测站的VMF1和GMF静力学映射函数曲线呈年周期余弦分布且大致相同,而NMF静力学映射函数值总体大于前两者;VMF1湿映射函数受气候变化影响较大,呈近似余弦函数分布,且VMF1和GMF呈近似夏季最小、冬季最大的分布.10°高度角下,所选测站斜延迟均呈现年周期余弦曲线分布,随着纬度的增加,斜延迟呈减小趋势,且呈夏季最大、冬季最小的分布,最大、最小值差约为2 m.