THERMAL EFFECTS OF BUILDING′S EXTERNAL SURFACES IN CITY——Characteristics of Heat Flux into and out of External Wall Surfaces

1INTRODUCTIONWiththerecentmodernizationandurbanizationofChi-na,urbanareashavegreatlyincreased, andgiantbuild-ings,especiallythosetallerthan100m,havebeendomi-nantincities,whichhave resultedinthegreatincreaseintheproportionofbuilding'sexternalsurfacetototalurbanarea.Thedifferencesofthermalpropertiesmain-lyinducedbysolarradiationbetweenbuilding'sexter-nalsurfacesareobviousfordifferentexposures,whichcaninevitablyinfluencethedistributionsofairtempera-turenearby,eventheverticaldistributionsofurb…     

The impact of physical processes on pollutant transport in Hangzhou Bay

A Lagrangian tracer model is set up for Hangzhou Bay based on Coupled Hydrodynamical Ecological model for Regional Shelf Sea (COHERENS). The study area is divided into eight subdomains to identify the dominant physical processes, and the studied periods are March (the dry season) and July (the wet season). The model performance has been first verified by sea-surface elevation and tidal current observations at several stations. Eight tracer experiments are designed and Lagrangian particle tracking is simulated to examine the impact of physical processes (tide, wind and river runoff) on the transport of passive tracer released within the surface layer. Numerical simulations and analysis indicate that: (1) wind does not change the tracer distribution after 30 days except for those released from the south area of the bay during the wet season; (2) the tide and the Qiantang River runoff are important for particle transport in the head area of the bay; (3) the Changjiang River runoff affects the tracer transport at the mouth of the bay, and its impact is smaller in the dry season than in the wet season. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40576080); National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2007AA12Z182)     

EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL SERVICES OF JILIN PROVINCE, NORTHEAST CHINA

1INTRODUCTIONEcosystem services can be divided into two major cat-egories, one is system function, and the other is sys-tem services and goods provision, which provide not only materials such as food and medicine, but also support and maintenance of whole system. Ecological services contribute to the whole economic system, both directly and indirectly, and consequently repre-sent parts of the total value of our economy system (COSTANZA etal., 1997; GUO etal., 2001). Sustainable d…     

ESTIMATE OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RICE FIELDS IN CHINA BY CLIMATE-BASED NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY

1INTRODUCTIONIrrigated ricefieldsarecharacterizedbylargespatialandtemporalvariationsin CH4 emissiontotheatmo-sphere.Accordingly,thereisagreatuncertaintyintheestimate ofCH4 emissionsfromricefields.GreateffortshavebeenmadetoestimatetheCH4 emissionsfromricefieldsandseveralapproacheshavebeendeveloped.TherepresentativemethodsincludetheIPCC(Inter-governmentPanelofClimateChange)region-specificemissionfactormethodandthemodelcalculationmethod.Toimprovethecalculationaccuracy,theIPCCmethodreq…     

大地电场变化的频谱特征

处理了中国大陆地区嘉峪关、昌黎、崇明、蒙城、兴济、宝坻和阳原等7个台的地电场观测数据,应用最大熵谱方法研究了大地电场日变化、地电暴等谱成分的特征. 结果表明,大地电场日变化主要是12 h的半日波成分最强, 24~25 h的全日波和8 h周期成分次之; 地电暴是在大尺度空间同步发生的,其谱值高于日变化谱值约2～3个数量级,主要以较长周期成分为主. 这一结果初步解释了大地电场变化的主要谱成分的生成机制.      

中国SLR在南半球观测取得良好进展

本文简要介绍了用中国研制的人造卫星激光测距仪(SLR),安装在阿根廷与San Juan大学天文台开展SLR合作观测与研究的意义,以及这个SLR系统的指标和性能.该仪器系统于2006年初在阿根廷国立San Juan大学天文台工作以来,进展良好,取得了观测数量丰富、精度高的优良结果.该合作的进展状况和未来的发展设想也在文中做了介绍.     

土壤剖面的磁学特征及其对交通污染的指示意义——以北京首都机场高速公路为例

对北京首都机场高速公路旁采集的土壤柱状T01剖面的磁学参数和金属元素分析,探讨了研究区内现代交通导致的土壤磁学性质的变化及其对环境污染的响应.结果表明,磁参数(χ,ARM和SIRM)与重金属含量呈同步垂向变化趋势.来源于交通运输排放的污染物是土壤剖面上部(0～8 cm)磁性和金属含量增强的主要原因,8cm以下,土壤基本未受到污染,磁性矿物和重金属含量较低,磁性颗粒变化稳定,基本代表了该地区土壤的自然背景.尽管土壤岩石磁学分析表明剖面上下部受污染和未受污染样品的磁载体均是粒度较粗的多畴磁铁矿,但是结合磁参数比值曲线,说明底部样品的磁颗粒的粒度较顶部偏细.磁性矿物的含量变化没有影响磁颗粒的粒度特征.指标聚类等相关分析表明,土壤磁参数(χ,ARM和SIRM)与重金属元素(Pb,Zn和Cu)含量显著相关;结合模糊聚类分析,磁参数可用于追踪、识别交通污染物质在土壤剖面中的富集、迁移状态,揭示不同深度土壤的污染程度.     

通用(Universal)钻探标准

两年前，在回转钻探设备的设计过程中，苏联人提出建立了一个全新的钻探标准，称作U标准——“U”代表通用”（Universal），即世界范围内通用的一种标准。该标准在一些基本设计中有着相当成功地应用。由于绳索取心技术应用范围的扩大，他们建议在可作套管用的一整套钻杆的基础上建立一整套常规岩心管、钻杆及套管等的标准。这正是Q系列钻杆的主要缺陷之一。因为这种钻杆不能用作全规格的整套钻具，AQ扩孔器不能通过BQ钻杆，大型号的钻杆则可使用。     

环太平洋带构造地层地体

引言近年来,北美克迪勒拉是通过分离的构造地层地体增生而形成的这一认识已经得到可资利用的新的地质、地球物理和古生物资料的支持(Jones等,1981;Jonts等,1983;Coney等,1980;Davis等,1978;Balke等,1983)。同样的增生过程似乎也影响了环太平洋边缘的大部分地区。为了探讨这一假说,我们已经编制了初步的环太平洋地体图。本文的目的是回顾Coney等(1980)和Jones等(1983)所提出的地体分析     

加拿大安大略赫姆洛帕格-威廉斯金矿的地层、断裂和金矿的关系

导论金矿出现在加拿大地盾的许多绿岩带中,具有多种地质环境并可被划分成许多矿床类型,包括最近在赫姆洛发现的类型。研究者对金矿的生成是受地层和构造控制已开展争论。赫姆洛的威廉斯矿区的帕格-威廉斯金矿包括A、B、C三带。三个地貌上各异的金矿,均赋存在独特的断层控制的地层层序中,其规模、岩石、构造、丰度、含金的