Some experiments with multivariate objective analysis scheme of heights and winds using optimum interpolation

A two-dimensional, multitvariate objective analysis scheme for simultaneous analysis of geopotential height and wind fields has been developed over Indian and adjoining region for use in numerical weather prediction. The height-height correlations calculated using daily data of four July months (1976-1979), are used to derive the other autocorrelations and cross-correlations assuming geostropic relationship. A Gaussian function is used to model the autocorrelation function. Since the scheme is multivariate the regression coefficients (weights) are matrix.Near the equator, the geostrophic approximation relating mass and wind is decoupled in a way similar to Bergman (1979). The objective analyses were made over Indian and adjoining region for 850, 700, 500, 300 and 200 hPa levels for the period from 4 July to 8 July 1979, 12 GMT. The analyses obtained using multivariate optimum in-terpolation scheme depict the synoptic situations satisfactorily. The analyses were also compared with the FGGE ana-lyses (from ECMWF) and also with the station observations by computing the root mean square (RMS) errors and the RMS errors are comparable with those obtained in other similar studies.     

英国用于找金的水文地球化学方法的初步研究

为了找到一种直接找金的勘探方法,在英国的很多地方对流水中可溶金的富集情况进行了研究。用盐酸和甲基异丁酮(MIBK)进行预富集后,用感应耦合等离子质谱仪对金进行了分析。检出限为0.5ngl~(-1)Au。样品是在以石英为主岩的三个已知金矿区采集的。在北爱尔兰的卡拉菲纳特(Curraghinalt)地区或在苏格兰阿基尔的拉格劳可恩(Lagalochan)地区都没有测列可溶金。在威尔士的道尔格拉(Dolgcllau)地区的金矿中,有十三个样品的金含量为1.5～1.6ng,有三个样品在这个范围之外。在任选的其他三个地区中的两个地区:苏格兰因沃尔内斯—夕尔的罗义桥地区和西康沃尔地区,每一个地区都有一个可测到金的样品,对中威尔士普林里蓑(Plynlimon)地区的样品也作了分析发现其溶解的金含量有重要意义(1～10ngl~(-1)Au)。有几种元素(Fe、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ca、Co、Pb、U、Li、Rb、CS、Sr、Ba、B、Y和La)可能是找金的指示元素,对它们也做了分析。元素Co、Ni、Li和Ba与已知金矿区的出现有关,Co/Ni的比值特别有用。研究的结果表明:在已知出现金矿化的地区,可溶金富集度的背景值比以前报导过的数值更低。远离已知金异常pH值近中性的几个地区存在可溶金可能与黄铁矿的氧化作用有关。我们认为:浅层地下水中的水文地球化学异常不只是(或可能不是)指示金矿床的存在而且是含金原岩的存在标志。     

WINDOW FACTOR ANALYSIS:THEORETICAL DERIVATION AND APPLICATION TO FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS DATA

Window factor analysis(WFA)is a self-modeling method for extracting the concentration profiles ofindividual components from evolutionary processes such as flow injection,chromatography,titrationsand reaction kinetics.The method takes advantage of the fact that each component lies in a specificregion along the evolutionary axis,called the‘window’.Theoretical equations are derived.The methodis used to extract the concentration profiles and spectra of seven bismuth species from data obtained byGemperline and Hamilton,who injected bismuth perchlorate into a flowing stream of hydrochloric acid.     

国际温室气体散发的减少——平等与效率研究

在这篇文章中我们提出两种商业性能源方案以供联合国发起的气候变化条约大纲政府间谈判委员会考虑。第一个方案把温室气体(GHG)散发权利的国际贸易与一个国家历史上每人的碳散发联系在一起。