带帽刚性桩复合地基荷载传递特性研究

根据控沉疏桩理论,探讨了带帽PTC型刚性桩在高速公路深厚软土地基处理中的适应性。为了掌握带帽PTC管桩复合地基的作用机理,分析了其承载能力、荷载传递、桩侧土压力、桩侧摩阻力、桩土荷载分担比及桩-土应力比等力学性状,并进行了带帽和无帽单桩复合地基现场足尺试验,对试验结果进行了深入地分析和研究。试验结果能为带帽PTC管桩复合地基理论研究提供合理的试验依据,并指导工程设计。     

基于贝叶斯网络的地下水环境系统决策管理研究

应用贝叶斯网络解决地下水环境管理中具有不确定性的多目标决策问题,通过对决策变量氮肥施用量以及灌溉模式的调控,减少水中的硝酸盐含量,达到既能有效改善水环境又不至使农民经济利益受到损害的目标。通过分析具体的地下水环境管理系统中变量间的相互关系,构建描述变量间不确定性关系的贝叶斯网络模型,其中包括表示其依赖关系的有向无环图和表示其具体概率依赖程度的条件概率表。并在多个水环境管理目标均达到最优的前提下进行概率推理,得到决策变量氮肥施用量以及灌溉模式取不同值时目标变量的概率分布情况。最终确定出能使所有目标均达到最优的合理的水环境管理决策:(1)使用喷灌,将氮肥施用量控制在0.01~0.03 kg/m2;(2)使用漫灌,将氮肥施用量控制在0.01~0.02 kg/m2。     

内蒙古白音宝力道花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb定年--白音宝力道金矿成矿主岩的形成时代

内蒙古白音宝力道花岗斑岩位于内蒙古苏尼特左旗南部苏尼特左旗-贺根山缝合带北侧,为白音宝力道金矿的成矿主岩。其单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为(439.8±4.3)Ma(MSWD=0.001),表明白音宝力道金矿花岗斑岩及金矿形成于早古生代中期。     

流体在岩浆型铬铁矿和铂族元素成矿过程中的作用及意义

镁铁- 超镁铁岩是揭示地幔物质组成和壳幔相互作用的重要窗口,也是Ni- Cu- PGE- Cr等金属矿产资源的重要载体。不同的镁铁- 超镁铁岩体赋矿特征明显不同：蛇绿岩以产出铬铁矿床为特征,阿拉斯加型岩体主要赋含铂族元素(PGE)矿床,大型层状岩体则可同时产出铬铁矿床、PGE矿床和Cu- Ni硫化物矿床。这种成矿差异显然与赋矿岩体形成的构造背景、母岩浆经历的岩浆演化过程有关,但缺少关键控制因素的研究。前人对上述不同种类矿床的研究工作主要集中于地幔源区的部分熔融、上升过程中或岩浆房内的围岩混染和结晶分异等岩浆过程,而极少关注流体作用。近年来,实验岩石学和岩石地球化学的研究均表明幔源岩浆演化过程中的流体活动可能对成矿元素的富集迁移起到至关重要的作用,同时这些成矿元素的赋存状态和分配系数也在不断更新。厘清Cr和PGE在熔体演化——尤其是流体出溶过程中的地球化学行为,刻画并揭示其迁移富集、分离和再富集的成矿过程及控制因素,已成为当前岩浆矿床研究的热点。本文围绕富水流体与铬铁矿和PGE成矿关系的科学问题,总结了不同镁铁- 超镁铁岩体的成矿差异以及铬铁矿和PGE矿床成矿过程中的流体活动记录,提出流体性质和组分对铬铁矿和PGE迁移富集的控制作用,强调有必要开展蛇绿岩、大型层状镁铁- 超镁铁岩体和阿拉斯加型岩体的对比研究。     

Interpreting the Influence of Reservoir Water Level Fluctuation on the Seepage and Stability of an Ancient Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area: A Case Study of the Outang Landslide

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The periodic reservoir water level (RWL) fluctuation on bank slopes during water impoundment in Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) may lead to the reactivation...     

吉林延边红太平铜多金属矿床脉型矿化的成矿时代与构造背景

吉林延边红太平铜多金属矿床位于兴蒙造山带东段,区内发育产于晚古生代火山沉积岩系中的层状铜多金属矿体和受岩体及构造控制的脉状铅锌矿体。为了确定脉型铅锌矿化的成矿时代与构造背景,本文对与脉状铅锌矿体相关的英安岩开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及岩石地球化学研究,并对脉状铅锌矿体中金属硫化物开展了Rb-Sr同位素定年。结果表明,英安岩中28个锆石测点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为204.1±2.0Ma(MSWD=0.24),脉状铅锌矿石中4件金属硫化物的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为206.8±9.0Ma(MSWD=2.0),二者在误差范围内基本一致,表明红太平矿床脉型铅锌矿化的成矿时代为晚三叠世末期。英安岩的稀土元素配分模式呈明显的轻稀土元素(LREEs)富集,轻重稀土分馏明显[(La/Yb)N=7.59～8.28],存在弱的Eu异常(δEu=0.65～0.68);微量元素以富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs:Rb、Ba和K)和不相容元素(U、Th),亏损高场强元素(HFSEs:Nb、Ta、P和Ti)为特征,表明原始岩浆应为壳-幔混源;脉状铅锌矿体中4件金属硫化物初始Sr同位素比值(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.705954～0.707101(均值0.706390),表明脉型铅锌矿化与壳-幔混源的岩浆作用密切相关。根据Rb-(Yb+Ta)及La/Yb-Th/Yb图解判别结果,结合区域构造演化分析,认为红太平矿区英安岩及相关的脉型铅锌矿化形成于活动大陆边缘的构造环境,与晚三叠世-早侏罗世(T_3-J_1)古太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲作用密切相关。     

南秦岭旬阳盆地东部晚泥盆世岩浆成因钠长岩及其构造意义

南秦岭旬阳盆地的钠长岩此前被认为是热水沉积或热液交代作用的产物。本文对南秦岭旬阳盆地东端黄石板地区侵入于下志留统梅子亚组浅变质岩中的钠长岩体进行了地球化学和锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS年代学研究,结果表明钠长岩具有富钠贫钾、铝不饱和、亏损大离子亲石元素K和Rb、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Th、Hf)显著富集的地球化学特点,主体属于钙碱性系列岩石,反映幔源成因的特征。钠长岩中获得最年轻的锆石U-Pb年龄为364~376Ma,该年龄代表岩体的形成年龄,反映晚泥盆世时南秦岭旬阳盆地处于强烈的伸展构造环境。此项研究结果表明,在旬阳盆地的志留系中,岩浆成因与热水沉积成因的钠长岩可能是共存的。黄石板岩浆成因钠长岩岩体中含有大量前寒武纪和早古生代的捕获锆石,在捕获锆石中测得迄今为止在研究区及其邻区获得的最古老的锆石U-Pb年龄(3291Ma)。这些捕获锆石的测年数据说明,研究区所在的南秦岭地区可能从古太古代开始就与扬子地块具有明显的亲缘性。     

Major element geochemistry of purple soils/rocks in the red Sichuan Basin, China: implications of their diagenesis and pedogenesis

Major element compositions and chemical weathering features of the purple soils and their corresponding rocks in the Red Sichuan Basin, China were studied in this paper to infer the diagenetic features of the purple rocks and the pedogenetic features of the purple soils. The results showed that all of the rock and soil samples, except those from Yibin, have strongly similar major element compositions and the distribution patterns of their major element compositions are similar to those of the upper continental crust. Chemical index of alteration, chemical index of weathering and Na₂O/K₂O indicate that the purple soils and rocks have similar chemical weathering intensities, whereas the Al₂O₃–CaO* + Na₂O–K₂O (A–CN–K) relationship, suggests that chemical weathering was strong during diagenesis of the purple rocks, but weak during pedogenesis of the purple soils. Variations in major element compositions of the purplish rock samples, except that from Yibin, do not primarily reflect differences in compositions of the sediment source, sediment recycling and potassium metasomatism, and therefore the effects of chemical weathering on the major element compositions were mainly dependent on climate condition and the residence time of material exposed to chemical weathering. Chemical weathering of the purple rocks reached only moderate degrees under the general influence of warm and humid climate during Jurassic and Cretaceous. Warmer and more humid climate conditions partly resulted in stronger chemical weathering of rocks in the southern region of the basin than in the central and western region, whereas shorter residence time of material in upslope position partly resulted in weaker chemical weathering of rocks in the eastern region than in the central and western region. The same climate and stable tectonic setting led to comparable chemical weathering intensities of rocks in the Ziliujing and Jiaguan Formations. Gradually colder and dryer climate from Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic then to Late Jurassic and shorter residence time in tectonically active setting of Middle Jurassic and late Late Jurassic resulted in the following order of chemical weathering intensity of the purple Jurassic rocks: Ziliujing Formation ? Shaximiao Formation ≈ Suining Formation > Penglaizhen Formation.