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991.
992.
993.
一次区域性大暴雨过程中尺度诊断分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用实况降水、FY-2C资料、实时探空、NECP/NCAR再分析资料对2009年8月2—5日川渝地区大暴雨过程主要环流系统、水汽输送特征,以及湿位涡和垂直螺旋度演变特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明:此次强降水环流背景是高空槽东移,耦合了"天鹅"台风动力阻塞维持在川渝地区的西南低涡,南侵的冷空气和西南急流输送的暖湿气流交汇,形成明显的气旋性辐合,导致不断有中小尺度对流系统的生成、发展,且降水过程中一直维持较好的水汽输送条件;湿位涡对本次降水落区有较好的指示意义,由于强降水湿位涡负值中心上空的大尺度下沉气流、强上升气流的倾斜程度和最大锋生强迫区的位置和强度,强降水落区(重庆西部)位于负值中心(四川盆地)暖气流一侧;垂直螺旋度发展演变与暴雨有着密切的关系,当螺旋度等值线密集(稀疏)时,强降水发生(减弱或结束),且暴雨发生时,总是伴随着高(低)空正(负)垂直螺旋度的耦合发生。 相似文献
994.
An open problem that arises when using modern iterative linear solvers, such as the preconditioned conjugate gradient method or Generalized Minimum RESidual (GMRES) method, is how to choose the residual tolerance in the linear solver to be consistent with the tolerance on the solution error. This problem is especially acute for integrated groundwater models, which are implicitly coupled to another model, such as surface water models, and resolve both multiple scales of flow and temporal interaction terms, giving rise to linear systems with variable scaling. This article uses the theory of "forward error bound estimation" to explain the correspondence between the residual error in the preconditioned linear system and the solution error. Using examples of linear systems from models developed by the US Geological Survey and the California State Department of Water Resources, we observe that this error bound guides the choice of a practical measure for controlling the error in linear systems. We implemented a preconditioned GMRES algorithm and benchmarked it against the Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) method, the most widely known iterative solver for nonsymmetric coefficient matrices. With forward error control, GMRES can easily replace the SOR method in legacy groundwater modeling packages, resulting in the overall simulation speedups as large as 7.74×. This research is expected to broadly impact groundwater modelers through the demonstration of a practical and general approach for setting the residual tolerance in line with the solution error tolerance and presentation of GMRES performance benchmarking results. 相似文献
995.
Houyuan Lu Naiqin Wu Kam-biu Liu Liping Zhu Xiangdong Yang Tandong Yao Luo Wang Quan Li Xingqi Liu Caiming Shen Xiaoqiang Li Guobang Tong Hui Jiang 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(7-8):947-966
This study investigates the distribution of modern pollen assemblages in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, based on surface soil samples collected at 1202 sites along an altitudinal gradient of 10–5500 m asl, where mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranges from 12 to 1840 mm and mean annual temperature (MAT) from ?7 to 21.5 °C. A total of 153 pollen taxa were found with relative abundances greater than 1% in at least two samples. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to determine the main environmental variables influencing pollen distributions. The results reveal that MAP is the most significant dominant variable. However, MAT, altitude (ALT), July temperature (MT7), and relative humidity (HHH) are also significant variables that clearly follow the gradients in the CCA ordination, suggesting that pollen assemblages probably not only reflect a single climatic parameter, but also a variety of other climatic inter-related parameters.Transfer functions, based on locally weighted weighted averaging (LWWA), were developed for MAP (R2-boot = 0.89, RMSEP = 109 mm), MAT (R2-boot = 0.78, RMSEP = 2.3 °C), ALT (R2-boot = 0.73, RMSEP = 597 m), HHH (R2-boot = 0.82, RMSEP = 4.5%), and July mean precipitation (MP7) (R2-boot = 0.87, RMSEP = 23 mm). Overall, our results confirm that pollen can provide reliable estimates of the primary climatic parameters. The application of the LWWA model to the fossil records of Chen Co Lake allowed quantitative inferences to be made about Holocene climatic changes in the southern Tibetan Plateau, suggesting that LWWA is a robust calibration method for quantitative palaeo-environmental reconstruction based on pollen data in the regions. 相似文献
996.
利用地质统计学反演进行薄砂体储层预测 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
某地区三角洲前缘砂体相变快,非均质性强,单砂体厚度小,常规的确定性反演由于受到地震频带限制,反演地震体的垂向分辨力低,往往难以识别。基于随机建模技术的地质统计学反演方法,能有效地综合地质、测井和三维地震数据,极大地提高了预测结果的垂向分辨率,能更加精确地描述储层细微的变化,可以更好地识别薄层砂体。利用地质统计学反演方法对某地区三角洲前缘目标层段的薄层砂体进行了预测,通过高分辨率的地质统计学反演波阻抗体和密度反演体剖面对比,可以有效识别出薄层砂体在反演剖面上横向展布。 相似文献
997.
To test whether invasive Spartina alterniflora marshes were functionally equivalent to native Scirpus mariqueter marshes, the present study used bottomless lift nets (20 m2) during 12 high-tide events from August to October 2008 to compare nekton densities and biomass between the two marsh types
in the Dongtan wetland. A total of eight species of fish, two species of shrimp, and three species of crab were collected.
So-iny mullet Chelon haematocheilus, keeled mullet Liza carinata, Asian freshwater goby Acanthogobius ommaturus, and ridge-tail prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda dominated samples from the two marsh types and accounted for over 90% of the total catch. There were significantly greater
densities and biomass (p < 0.05) of total nekton (all species combined) and two mullets (C. haematocheilus and L. carinata) in S. alterniflora marshes than in S. mariqueter marshes in August 2008, while no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the two marsh types were observed for densities and biomass of any species or total nekton in September and
October 2008. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination did not show clear separation of samples between the two marsh
types (r = 0.071, p = 0.159). Furthermore, there were no habitat-specific differences (p > 0.05) in the size distributions of the three numerically dominant species (C. haematocheilus, L. carinata, and A. ommaturus). We concluded that S. alterniflora marshes were utilized by nekton in a fashion similar to their utilization of native S. mariqueter marshes under similar physical conditions. 相似文献
998.
重庆市晚二叠世含煤地层聚煤特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
晚二叠世初期上扬子盆地西部康滇古陆的隆升,是形成其东侧区域西高东低构造格局的首要因素,并控制了各期由陆到海沉积相带与富煤带随海侵向西超覆的抬升迁移。重庆市西部地区在龙潭期位于扬子盆地海陆过渡相区的东部,区内发育海陆过渡沉积相区-海湾潮坪沉积体系与浅海相沉积区,海湾潮坪沉积体系是本区主要聚煤场所。从层序地层分析,将二叠系上统划分为2个三级层序,其中层序1发育完整,主要煤层C25煤形成于海侵域之海侵初期,C18+19煤形成于高位域内次级层序的海侵期。 相似文献
999.
Patrick KLENK 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(3):267-278
The Badain Jaran Desert,located in the Alxa Plateau,Northwest China,features mega-dunes and a unique dune-lake alternation landscape.This paper presented the aeolian sediment structures of three representative dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert using ground-penetrating radar (GPR).We processed and analyzed the GPR data and investigated the feasibility of using integrated GPR and sedimentological data to reconstruct dunes structure,sedimentary environment and geomorphological evolution.The results show that the internal structures of star dune and transverse dune represent various stages of mega-dune evolution: the main deposition processes of mega-dune are similar to those of transverse dunes but have a more complicated mechanism of sand transport and deposition because of the superimposition of dunes;the upper section of the mega-dune has a structure similar to that of star dune,with vertical aggradations on top.Diffraction hyperbolae in the GPR profile indicates that the presence of ancient dunes characterized by calcareous cementation layers is involved in the maintenance of mega-dunes,and water levels,shown by continuous,sub-horizontal GPR reflections,are supposed to be closely related to mega-dunes and the interdune lakes.Outcrop of wet sand and horizontal stratifications on the GPR image indicate moisture potentials with different levels inside mega-dunes.The multiplex geomorphology in the Badain Jaran Desert is the result of global climatic undulation,the unique geographical location,the geological structural features,etc. 相似文献
1000.
随着互联网和社会媒体平台的发展,社会媒体吸引着数以亿计的用户参与其中进行创造和分享信息,产生了海量的文本、图像、音频和视频数据.面对这些数量巨大、异构多源、模态复杂的社会多媒体内容数据,如何对其进行有效的内容理解和知识表示,从而为用户提供更高效、优质的服务,成为实现社会媒体大数据价值的关键.本文对近年来在社会多媒体内容分析、知识提取和表示以及用户建模应用的相关研究展开综述,并针对社会多媒体特征融合、跨模态知识提取与表示,以及基于社会媒体的用户建模相关应用研究三个方面进行详细总结.随后对社会多媒体内容的知识表示和用户建模的研究与应用的发展趋势进行介绍,最后对多媒体知识表示与用户建模研究进行了总结和展望. 相似文献