澳大利亚热低压与广东1—2月冷害过程的初步探讨

本文在普查了1977—1986年1—2月澳大利亚地面至500hPa三层逐日资料的基础上,用自然正交函数展开,计算了海平面气压场资料。有趣地发现澳大利亚热低压一般可持续5天左右,并与广东的重大冷害过程有明显关系。热低压出现日到广东有冷害过程出现一般约相距1—2周左右,且热低压持续越久,广东低温阴雨日数也越多。      

陆相二叠一三叠系界线划分和事件

我国陆相二叠—三叠系界线的划分主要依据古脊椎动物,孢粉,双壳类、介形虫和古植物等.这些化石组合特征在界线附近都有明显的变化.这种变化不仅可以用来划分界线,而且结合在界线附近其它非生物（沉积物的粒度和颜色等）的异常变化,可以看出在二叠—三叠纪之交曾发生过某种事件.     

平稳随机序列分析在水温预报中的应用

目前国内外进行海水温度预报主要是应用数理统计方法,平稳随机序列分析法就是其中之一。本文根据海水温度自身前后期之间的关系,采用平稳随机序列分析法,用小麦岛海洋站３６ａ（１９６０～１９９５年）逐旬表层水温观测资料,建立多元线性回归方程,从而算出未来时刻的水温预报值。     

基于人地关系的西部山区抗震减灾对策研究

西部山区是我国地震多发地带,山区地形环境复杂,生态破坏严重,系统脆弱,稳定性差,抗干扰能力弱.与平原地区地震相比,山区地震更易带来各种次生灾害.根据山区地理环境特点,从人地关系角度探讨了西部山区抗震减灾对策.以期为山区抗震减灾工作提供参考.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部三叠系延长组一段湖相浊积岩特征及意义

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部三叠系延长组一段湖相浊积岩主要分布于子长县寺湾和横山县庙沟等地区,位于长一段上部。岩石类型包括:块状砂岩,近基的中细粒砂岩,远基的粉砂岩及细砂岩,不规则砂、泥岩互层和深湖相泥岩。据岩石组合类型将该浊积扇划分为上扇和中扇,其沉积序列为向上粒度变粗、砂层变厚的进积型浊积扇沉积序列。根据底部印模构造指向,物源区大致位于研究区的北东。本文总结了浊积扇的演化,探讨了该浊积扇的发现对于认识区域构造背景及油气勘探的意义。     

箱型钢结构应力场的模糊模式识别

本文依据模糊模式识别理论,以深圳市民中心屋顶网架结构的智能健康监测系统为背景,系统地介绍了屋顶网架结构支承箱型钢牛腿应力场的模糊模式识别方法。文中,在说明了方法的基本思路的基础上,详细介绍了方法的基本原理和仿真分析的步骤。并通过对深圳市民中心25号钢牛腿应力场识别的仿真,验证了方法的效果和可靠性。     

济阳坳陷古近系区域层序地层格架地层特征对比

综合生物地层学、磁性地层学（ESR测年法）、地震地层学及层序地层学等地层学的研究成果,通过对断陷盆地区域等时界面的识别、界面级次和界面性质的分析与对比,以三级层序为基本组构单元建立了济阳坳陷古近系区域等时地层格架系统。通过分析济阳坳陷四大次级凹陷古近系各二级层序和隐蔽油气藏最为发育的重点三级层序的可对比性,认为二级层序完全受构造幕的直接控制,具有很好的可对比性。四个次级凹陷的重点三级层序地层格架的旋回性质具有一致性,标志性沉积物出现于相同或类似的旋回位置。然而,T2(沙一段底)、T4（沙三段上亚段底）和T6(沙三段中亚段底)的三级层序界面性质在不同凹陷间具有明显的差异性。从层序成因动力学角度来解释,这种旋回性质的相似性和界面性质的差异性分别表明了同一层序地层格架中沉积环境对沉积物类型起决定性的影响作用以及渤海湾盆地构造沉降沉积中心的迁移对层序界面性质所起的主要控制作用。     

Osmium isotope of the Co-rich crust from seamount Allison,central Pacific and its use for determination of growth hiatus and growth age

Based on its microstructure, Co-rich crust A1-1 from seamount Allison, central Pacific, was scraped at averaged interval of 1.3 mm to measure osmium isotopic composition, and subsequently to establish the 187Os/188Os profile of scraping section of the crust. By observing the variation of 187Os/188Os under 10Be chronology and matching it to the well-known seawater Os isotope evolution of the past 40 Ma, two growth hiatuses (H1 and H2) occurring in the periods respectively between 13.6 and 29.6 Ma and between 8 and 9.8 Ma in the crust were recognized. According to the two hiatuses, the dating scheme for each scraped layer of the crust was suggested. For the upper layers younger than 6.8Ma, their growth ages were calibrated under 10Be chronology; for the lower layers older than 6.8Ma, their growth ages were obtained from 187Os/188Os evaluation curve by linear interpolation. Hereby, the age for the most inner layer of the crust was determined to be 39.5 Ma. H1 and H2 exactly correspond to the boundary between phosphatization and non-phosphatization and volcanic ash layer in the crust, respectively.     

内蒙古敖汉旗大黑山金矿床地质特征与构造控矿作用

大黑山金矿产于华北地台北缘努鲁儿虎隆起带太古代深变质杂岩中,与燕山期侵入的大黑山花岗质杂岩体具密切的成因联系。金矿床属于破碎蚀变岩和蚀变岩-石英脉型,其W18O为2.89-14.74‰,W34S为-1.30-4.27‰,成矿温度在235-300℃之间,故为中温岩浆热液矿床。矿区内广泛发育近EW向、NE向和NW向三组断裂构造,主要工业矿体受近EW向破碎带控制,而NE向和NW向破碎带矿化较弱,但二者与近EW向破碎带的复合部位往往形成富矿体。地质调查表明,金矿床主要受控于中浅层次的脆性断裂,而与深层次的韧性剪切带无直接联系。      

A semi-physical sediment yield model for estimation of suspended sediment in loess region

Sediment yield is a complex function of many environmental factors including climate,hydrology,vegetation,basin topography,soil types,and land cover.We present a new semi-physical watershed sediment yield model for the estimation of suspended sediment in loess region.This model is composed by three modules in slope,gully,and stream phases.For slope sediment yield,a balance equation is established based on the concept of hydraulic erosion capacity and soil erosion resistance capacity.According to the statistical analysis of watershed characteristics,we use an exponential curve to approximately describe the spatial variability of watershed soil erosion resistance capacity.In gully phase,the relationship between gully sediment concentration and flow velocity is established based on the Bagnold'stream power function.In the stream phase,we assume a linear dependence of the sediment volume in the reach on the weighted sediment input and output.The proposed sediment yield model is operated in conjunction with a conceptual hydrologic model,and is tested over 16 regions including testing grounds,and small,medium and large watersheds in the loess plateau region in the mid-reach of Yellow River.Our results indicate that the model is reasonable in structure and is able to provide a good simulation of sediment generation and transportation processes at both flood event scale and inter-annual time scale.The proposed model is generally applicable to the watersheds with soil texture similar to that of the loess plateau region in the Yellow River basin in China.